THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 


PRESENTED  BY 

PROF.  CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 
MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


THE  HYDROIDS  OF  THE  WOODS  HOLE  REGION. 


By  C.  C.  NUTTING, 
L  _  Professor  of  '/.oology.  University  of  l&uta. 


INTRODUCTORY  NOTE. 

The  limits  of  the  "Woods  Hole  region,"  in  the  sense  hero,  used,  may  be  roughly 
defined  as  follows:  Starting  with  the  point  of  Cape  Cod  as  the  northern  and  eastern 
limits,  following  the  New  England  coast  to  New  London,  Conn. ;  thence  southward  to 
the  end  of  Long  Island;  thence  southeast  to  the  edge  of  the  Gulf  Stream,  which  is 
followed  until  off  Cape  Cod.  These  limits  embrace,  roughly,  the  area  that  can  be 
covered  by  one-day  excursions  by  steamer  from  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  station 
at  Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  this  pamphlet  to  furnish  collectors  and  workers  in  this 
region  with  a  practical  and  concise  means  of  identifying  the  species  of  hydroids  known 
to  occur  within  the  area  above  described.  There  are  a  number  of  other  species  that 
almost  certainly  occur  within  the  Woods  Hole  region,  but  with  one  or  two  exceptions, 
involving  species  of  unusual  interest,  these  will  be  omitted. 

Most  of  the  material  studied  in  connection  with  this  work  was  secured  by  the 
author  during  three  summers  spent  at  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  laboratory  at 
Woods  Hole  and  a  month  at  the  laboratory  of  Dr.  Alexander  Agassiz,  at  Newport. 

The  number  of  species  listed  indicates  a  fairly  rich  hydroid  fauna  in  the  region, 
the  general  relation  being  with  the  Arctic  or  rather  Ilolarctic  fauna,  which  explains 
the  large  percentage  of  British  forms  represented  on  our  Atlantic  coasts. 

The  illustrations  are  from  sketches  originally  made  by  the  author  to  illustrate  a 
monograph  of  the  North  American  hydroids,  in  course  of  publication  by  the  United 
States  National  Museum.  Permission  was  given  by  the  authorities  of  that  institution 
to  have  ink  tracings  made  from  these  sketches,  which  have  been  reduced  in  size  and 
used  in  the  present  work. 

In  order  to  secure  the  brevity  necessary  for  the  treatment  of  the  subject  in  the 
form  of  a  practical  guide  to  identification,  it  has  been  necessary  to  omit  all  discussion 
regarding  synonomy.  In  naming  genera  and  species  a  conservative  course  has  been 
followed,  although  the  names  in  some  cases  have  been  changed  in  what  will  doubtless 
appear  to  be  an  arbitrary  manner.  The  reasons  for  these  changes  are  in -all  cases 
briefly  indicated,  but  the  explanations  are  not  so  full  as  would  be  deemed  requisite  in 
a  Work  of  more  strictly  technical  nature. 

Much  remains  to  be  done  before  we  can  discuss  with  profit  the  economic  bearings 
of  the  subject  of  this  work.  It  is  well  known,  however,  that  many  fishes  feed  more 

828 


M368791 


in   UKTIN    <>K    Till-:    LfNITKl)    STATUS     FISH    rn.\l.\l  issiu.N. 

or  less  extensively  on  hydroids.  Dr.  Kdwin  Linton  has  several  times  called  my 
attention  to  the  fact  that  he  often  finds  hydroids  in  the  stomachs  of  fishes  while 
examining  them  for  parasites.  1  am  inclined  to  think,  however,  that  hydroids  do 
not  constitute  a  very  important  item  in  the  dietary  of  our  food-fishes,  and  am  rather 
of  the  opinion  that  the  economic  importance  of  hydroids  lies  in  the  fact  that  the 
presence  of  these  forms  in  quantities  in  a  given  region  is  of  value  as  an  indication  of 
abundance  of  food  for  fishes  in  the  shape  of  small  crustaceans.  It  is  known  that 
many  kinds  of  hydroids  live  very  largely  on  minute  crustac-ea,  and  it  follows  that 
Where  the  hydroids  thrive  the  fishes  will  also  lindan  abundant  food  supply,  especially 
in  the  earlier  stages  of  their  development. 

The  author -is  indebted  to  many  naturalists  for  material  that  he  failed  to  securo 
himself,  and  has  endeavored  to  briefly  acknowledge  these  fcivors  in  their  proper- 
connection  in  the  body  of  the  text. 

STATK  I'MVE'UMTV  OF  IOWA,  Ani/uxl  10,  1900. 


Kill  In  /III'  J'ililli/ii-x  nf   Ill/ilroiiln  fiill'iul  in  Hi,"   U'lHiilx  Hull'  fi'i/ifin. 

A.    Hydranths  anil  >:'  mophores  not  provided  with  special  chitinons  receptacles. 

a.        Hydra  n  ills  with  MM  I  tern  I  lilil'cirni  tentacles CI.AVID.K. 

<('.      Hyilruuttis  with  u  single  whorl  of  li!il'(ini]  lenlaclcs.  or  two  or  more  closely  approximated  whorls. 

around  base  of  proboscis,  which  lni.i,rl]l  easily  he  mistaken  for  a  single  wliorl. 
b.    Proboscis  conical. 

o.    Colony  regularly  branched BotjGAisviu.iDvE. 

<•'.  Colony  not  branched. 

tl.  Hydrorhi/a-  composed  of  incni.stintt,  aillierenl  tubules  overlaid  with  a  Him  of  I'lenosarc. 

HYDRACTIXIDJ:. 

'/'.  Hydrorhizie  not  mutually  adherent  and  not  overlaid  with  n  layer  of  co-nosarc PODOCORYNI&4E. 

//.   I'roltoseis  trumpet-shaped  or  hemis|iherical.  the  distal  portion   beinif  the  bell  of  tile  trumpet  or 

e<in:itor  of  I  lie  hemisphere EUDENDKID.S. 

'.i".      Hydranlhs  w'ith  more  than  <-:ie  w  liorl  of  liliform  tentacles. 
//.    A  dislinet  tube  of  horny  perisan'  around  the  stem. 

<•.    Distal  tentacles  in  two  distinct  whorls TITBULARID.*:. 

f.  Distal  tentacles  not  in  two  .list inn  «  horls HYBOCON1DJ!. 

/i'.  No  distinct  j.erisarcal  tube:  stem  conspicuously  cunaliculated:  probosiMs  large COEYMORPHID*. 

'".     Hydrant hs  with  e.ipitale  tentacles  only SYNCORYNID*. 

a"".  Ilydranths  with  a  basal  row  of  filiform  tentacles,  and  with  capitate  tentacles  on  the  proboscis PENNARID*:. 

A'.  It'ydranths  and  iionophores  provided  \\  itli  special  ehitinous  reeejitacles.     (Hydrotheca-  and  ^onangia.) 
o.       Hydrotheca-  \\ith  distinct  pedicel,  anil  with  a  septum  partly  dividinn  the  hydrothecal  cavity  from 

the  cavity  of  the  pedicel CAMPANULARID*. 

a'.      Hydrothec;e  with  an  opercnlnm  compoKed  of  con  verging  seKinents CAMPANULINID^:. 

a".     Hydrotliee:e  deep,  witli  pedicels:  or  ses/ile,  and  without  the  septum LAFOSID^:. 

ii'"'.    llydrotheea-  reduced  to  saucer-shaped  hydrophoivs  ornamented  with  a  necklace  of  bright  dots, 

and  much  too  shallow  to  accommodate  the  hydranths HAI.ECII>.E. 

•<"''.    llydrotheea-  sessile,  mid  adnate  by  their  sides  to  the  branches  on  which  they  are  placed. 

l>.    llydrotheea-  arranged  OTI  lj->th  sides  o!  the  branches SERTULARID^. 

'      I,'.   Hydrothcea-  arranged  on  KM  side  only  of  the  branches PUIMULAR1M5. 

CLAVIDAE. 

Trophosome. — Ilydroraulus  lininrhi'il,  simple,  or  not  evident.     Hydranths  with  elongated  terete 
bodies,  upon  which  the  smooth  filiform  tentacles  ;uv  sriitu-ivd,  or  arranj;ed  in  an  ill-<lefined  spiral. 

<inii,ixi»in\ — Gonophores growing  from  the  hydrorhiza,  hnuiclu's,  or  body  of  the  hydranths,  am^ 

not  pniihicin;'  OIT  mcihisiii1. 

Ki'if  tn  t/i'ni'i'ii  f  f  '  '/tii'!'/:r  I'nnilff  ill    Woodt  lft>l<   I'l'tjuni. 

rolony  un  branched.     ll\-di'anth  si  ems  not  inclosed  in  perisare:il  tubes Clara. 

Colon >   profusely  Immcli-.l fimvlytophnrn. 


.'•    OJB1    Till      WOOD.S    HOLE    UKGIOJT. 


CLAVA, 


327 


Tropltnxnmf. — Ilydranths  single,  with  slender  basal  portions  ami  terete  hod  it's.  Filiform  tentacles, 
about  20  to  30  in  number,  pcam-red  over  the  body  and  proboscis. 

Qtmofome. — Gonophores  home  in  clusters  Immediately  below  the  basal  tentacles. 

Clava  leptostyla  Agassi/.     Fig.  1 . 
(Contribution-;  to  tlir  Natural  History  of  Die  United  States,  1862,  iv,  p.  218.) 

Trophosnmi'. — llydranths  with  a  slender  proximal  portion  and  a  long  distal  proboscis;  tentacles 
more  than  20  in  full-grown  specimens,  hydrorhiza  forming  a  closely  aggregated  ineshwork  of  con- 
tiguous tubes. 

Gmiosome. — Gonophores  borne  below  the  proximal  tentacles  in  compact  clusters,  which  may 
encircle  the  hydranths  or  be  nnsvinmetrically  collected  on  one  side. 

Color. — Brick-red. 

Distribution. — Has  been  found  on  the  rocks  near  the  Hole,  where  it  occurs  in  patches  under  the 
seaweed.  I  have  also  found  it  attached  to  the  piles  of  the  old  guano  wharf. 

Under  the  head  of  "distribution,"  localities  are  given  where  the  species  have  been  found  in  the 
Woods  Hole  region. 


2.  Carili/lapham  laauitris  Alltnan. 


CORDYLOPHORA. 


Trophosome.—  Colony  regularly  branched.     Hydranths  with  scattered  filiform  tentacles. 
Qonosome. — Gonophores  borne  on  the  branches,  ovate,  inclosed  in  a  chitinous  investment  which 
resembles  a  gonangium. 

Cordylophora  lacustris  Allman.     Fig.  2. 

(Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.,  1843.) 

Trophnsomi'. — Colony  regularly  branched,  attaining  a  height  of  about  three-fourths  inch.     Main 
stem  not  fascicled,  straight,  giving  off  alternate  branches,  which  in  turn  often  give  off  alternate  branch- 


328 


HKLLKTTN    OK    THE    UNITKD    STATES    FISH    OOMAUhSiUN. 


Iris  ami  pi-diivls;  branches  and  pedicels  often  annotated  at  their  origins.  Hydranths  \vitli  fusiform 
bodies  and  16  to  20  scattered  filiform  tentacles. 

t.'iiiiiixiiiiif. — Gonophores  ovate,  invested  in  a  gonH&ghim-like  extension  of  perisarc,  borne  on  the 
branches  an<l  hydrant!)  pedicels  near  their  bases.  Pedicels  of  gonophoret  very  short  and  annulated. 

l>ixti-!liiit!<in. — Found  in  a  fresh-water  pond  near  the  bathing  beach  at  Woods  Hole,  Mass. 

This  species  is  reported  from  the  Woods  Hole  region  just  as  these  pages  are  going  to  press.  The 
figure  ami  description  are  from  specimens  collected  by  Prof.  A.  I).  Morrill  and  kindly  forwarded  to  me 
by  Dr.  Charles  llargitt. 


•yne  mirabttis  (Ag.).    A.  Sessile  medusa  ( 9  )• 
B.  Sessile  medusa  (<f ). 

SYNCORYNin^E. 


<sj 


4.  Gtrifniiis  ngaKsizu  McCr. 
(After  Murbaeh.) 


Trophosome. — Hydranths  with  capitate  tentacles  only,  scattered  over  the1  eliktgated  body  or 
growing  in  more  or  less  distinct  verticils. 

Oonosome. — Gonophores  usually  borne  above  the  bases  of  the  proximal  tentacles,  and  producing 
attached  or  free  medusse  with  4  radial  canals  and  4  tentacles  with  bulbous- bases,  and  a  deep  bell. 

Key  to  genera  of  Syncorynidx  found  in  the  Woods  Hole:  region. 

A  chitlnous  perisare  investing  the  stem.     Hydranth  body  shorter  than  stem  when  .expanded Syncoryne. 

No  chitinous  perisarc.    Hydranths  sessile,  with  long  cylindrical  bodies Corynitit. 

SYNCORYNE. 

Trophosome.  — Hydrocaulus  well  developed,  often  branched  and  more  or  less  annulated.  Hydranths 
•with  numerous  stout  capitate  tentacles  and  terete  bodies. 

Gonosome. — Medusse  as  described  above,  bulbous  bases  of  tentacles  often  with  dark  eye-spot. 


HYDRO!!)*    OK    THK    WOODS    Hof.K    RKOTON.  329 

Synceryaa  mirabilis  (  Ay.  ).     Fig.  '.'•. 

i  fin-inn  iiiinihillf  Ajjassix.  Cunt.  Nut.  Hist.  I".  S,,  IV.  p.  185.) 

r.  —  Colony  irregularly  branching,  without  distinct  hydrorhiza.  Hydranths  with  terete 
body  and  about  lt>  stout  capitate  tentacles.  Perisare  not  annulated. 

<;,,unxntne.  —  Mcdus;e  borne  on  the  hydranth  body,  with  4  radial  canals  and  4  marginal  tentacles, 
which  are  rudimentary  and  without  evident  eye-spots  in  the  sessile  medusae,  and  a  very  large  proboscis 
on  which  the  sexual  elements  an;  produced  and  east  forth  before  the  medu.se  become  free.  The  free 
medussc  are  more  hemispherical  in  shape  and  have  fully  developed  tentacles  with  eye-spots  on  their 
bases,  and  the  proboscis  is  much  smaller. 

<  b/OT-.-^UuJwps  rose-red  owing  to  color  of  lining  of  body  cavity. 

fHntrihutiim.  —  Found  attached  to  rocks,  seaweed,  and  floating  timbers  (A.  Agassi?.).  Specimens 
were  found  in  both  the  II.  S.  Fisli  Commission  and  Marine  Biological  Laboratories,  but  the  labels  did 
not  indicate  the  localities.  Waquoit.  (  Vinal  Kd  wards.  ) 

CORYNITIS. 

Trr>)ili<>x<n:ii'.  —  No  evident  perisarc.  Colony  consisting  of  single  cylindrical  hydranths  with 
spirally  arranged  capitate  tentacles. 

(tintrmime.  —  Gonophores  on  hydranth  body  producing  medusa'  with  two  tentacles  which  bear- 
stalked  batteries  of  ncmatocysts. 

Coryuitis  agassizii  McCrady.     Figs.  4  and  80. 
i  I'riicoedings  Elliott  Suck'ty.  vol.  I.  No.  1,  p.  132.) 

Tm/iluixoini:  —  Colony  not  branched.  Hydranth  with  a  long,  cylindrical  body  and  spirally 
arranged  capitate  tentacles. 

Gommonif.  —  Gonophores  growing  low  down  on  the  body  of  the  hydranth.  Medusa?  almost 
spherical,  the  surface  dotted  with  clusters  of  nematocysts.  Marginal  tentacles  2  or  4,  with  swollen 
bases  and  thickened  ends.  Ovaries  on  basal  portion  of  the  proboscis.  Mouth  lobed. 

Color.  —  Medus;e  with  manubrium,  eye-spots  and  ends  of  tentac.les  red.     Ovaries  orange  red. 

rHxIriliiillon.  —  Found  at  Woods  Hole.     (Dr.  Murbach.) 

I  have  not  seen  this  species,  but  Dr.  Murbach  has  kuidly  allowed  tracings  to  be  iriade  from  his  ' 
drawings,  to  be  used  in  this  work. 

BOUGAINVILLIDjE. 

Tri>/iliimiinf.  —  Colony  branching  (in  our  species)  and  with  a  distinct  hydrocaulus.  Ilydrantha 
with  a  dome-shaped  or  conical  proboscis,  and  a  single  whorl  of  rigid  filiform  tentacles. 

Gonomine.  —  Gonophores  borne  on  hydrocaulus  below  the  hydranth  body.  (Never  from  the 
hydrorhiza  in  our  species.)  Medusa  with  4  radial  canals.  Marginal  tentacles  either  single  or  in 
clusters,  with  sense  bodies  at  their  bases. 


In  iji'in'fii  <  if  lliiin/iiiiii  -il/itl;!'  found  in  tlte  Wiiorlx  Hole  region, 


Hydroeaulus  with  a  strongly  marked  ohitinons  perisarc.    Medusse  with  clustered  marginal  tentacles  and 

ramitk'd  mouth  tentacles  ...............................................................................  Sougmnrillia. 

Hydronuihis\vithagelatiiKius]iei-isiire.    Medusar  with  asinglc  marginal  tentacle,  and  jio  mouth  tentacles..  Pm';/""  '''"""•• 

BOUGAINVILLIA. 

Troplwsomf..  —  Perisarc  strongly  marked,  branched,  and  ending  below  the  bases  of  the  tentacles  of 
the  hydranths. 

Gonosomr.  —  Gonophores  borne  on  pedicils  springing  from  the  hydrocaulus.     Medusa;  with  4 
pairs  of  marginal  tentacles  when  first  set  free,  afterwards  with  4  clusters  of  tentacles,  each  tentacle  ' 
with  a  black  eye-spot  above  its  base. 

Key  to  species  of  Bangui,  irilliii  fmmd  in  Hie  Woods'Iffie  region. 

Hydranths  with  small  proboscis  and  15  to  20  tentacles.    Medusae  with  very  broad  proboscis  .............  S.  stipertiliaris. 

Hydranths  with  conspicuous  conical  proboscis.    Medusae  with  a  narrow  proboscis  .......................  B.  carolinmsii. 


330 


BULLETIN    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    FT8H    COMMISSION.. 


Bougainvillia  superciliaris  A<;.     tfkr.  ill. 

i  Com.  N'iil.  Hist.  ('.  S..  IV,  p. '.Ml.  I 

Tropltoxiniif. — Colony  attaining;  a  height  of  about  2  inches-.  St(-m  not  I'asciclcd,  irregularly 
branched,  branches  and  branchlets  often  aimulated  proximally.  Hydranth.s  with  very  inconspicuous 
proboscis  and  15  to  20  rigidly  disposed  tentacles. 

Ganutome.— Gonophores  borne  mostly  on  the  ultimate  branches.  Mature  medusa-  with  a  very 
broad  and  heavy  proboscis  and  much  ramified  mouth  tentacles.  Each  cluster  of  marginal  tentacles 
with  a  large  sense-bulb  at  its  base. 

Color. — Colony  light  brown  with  a  greenish  tinge.  Ilydrunth  body  witli  a  suggestion  of  rose 
color.  Medusa1  with  a  pale-yellow  proboscis  tinged  with  red  at  the  end.  t-Vnse  bodies  orange-red 
surrounded  with  yellow. 

DittributitM. — Newport,  R.  I.,  attached  to  fucus  and  shells.  Wo<»ds  Hole.  1  have  not  seen  the 
trophosome  of  this  species  and  have  culled  the  description  from  that  of  Dr.  Alexander  Agassix.  The 
medusa  was  taken  by  me  at  Woods  Hole  on  August  1 1,  ISlill. 


5.  Bovgoinvima carollneMti  iMeCr.) 


*. iniu*i  Osliorn  &  Hurgitt. 


Bougainvillia  carolinensis  (McCr. ).     Fig.  5. 
(Hippocrctic  carotinemis  McCracly.    Proc.  Elliott  Soc.,  vol.  I.  No.  1,  p.  Nil. ) 

Trophosome.—  Colony  attaining  a  height  of  12  inches,  but  usually  3  to  (i  inches,  and  branching 
much  as  in  the  preceding  species.  Hydranths  growing  on  both  main  stem  and  branches,  with  a  long, 
prominent,  very  flexible  proboscis,  which  may  be  a  lengthened  cone,  or  may  be  rolled  back  until  it 
assumes  a  saucer-like  shape;  tentacles  not  more  than  12  in  specimens  examined. 

Gonosome. — Gonophores  borne  on  both  main  stem  and  branches,  often  in  clusters.  Mature 
medusae  much  like  the  last,  but  with  a  short  and  narrow  proboscis. 

Color. — Colony  light  brown  with  greenish  tinge,  hydranth  body  with  reddish  tinge.  Medusae 
with  brick-red  proboscis  and  sense-bulbs  red  surrounded  by  green  and  yellow.  Eye-spots  jet-black. 

Distribution. — Growing  on  the  piles  of  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission's  dock  at  Woods  Hole,  and 
common  in  the  vicinity.  It  is  often  found  attached  to  fncua  and  floating  timber. 


llVDltolDS    OK    THE    WOODS    HObK    KK<ilo\. 

PEBIGONIMUS. 

„„„.. — Colony  attaining  a  height  of  about  1  inch,  either  branched  or  simple;  perisarc  of  a 
jelly-like  consistency  and  reaching  to  the  bases  of  the  tentacles.  Hydranth  body  terete,  the  proboscis 
being  large  and  conical. 

(iiniiixiinii: — I  loiiophoivs  borne  on  the  branches  or  hydranth  bodies,  in  our  species.  Medusa;  bell- 
shaped,  with  a  simple  or  lobcd  proboscis.  Marginal  tentacles  2  or  4,  not  in  clusters,  and  with  bulbous 
bases  and  no  eye-spots. 

Perigonimus  jonesi  Osborn  &  Hargitt.     Fig.  (i. 
(AmiTioln  Naturalist,  vol.  xxvm.  p.  '27.) 

1'm/iliiixiiiiii'. — Colony  attaining  a  height  of  about  one-fourth  inch,  freely  branching,  the  branches 
erect  and  continuing  insensibly  into  the  hydranth  body;  gelatinous  perisarc  very  thick  and  often 
wrinkled,  reaching  to  the  bases  of  the  tt-sitacles,  and  sometimes  appearing  to  include  the  proximal 
part  of  the  latter.  Ilydranths  with  about  1(1  tentacles  held  rigidly,  but  alternately  depressed  and 
elevated;  proboscis  dome-shaped  or  snbconical. 

GonOMnnr. — (ionophoros  borne'  on  the  hydranth  body  or  branches.  Medusa!  ovoid,  with  2 
tentacles,  4  radial  canals,  and  4  eye-spots;  rnanubrium  short  with  a  4-lobed  mouth. 

Co/or. — Colony  flesh-colored. 

I>ixtrilnitii»i. — Found  on  the  abdomen  and  walking  legs  of  Luliinin  >  imirffhiata.  Collected  at 
Coldspring  Harbor,  Long  Island. 

This  species  does  not  come  strictly  within  the  Woods  Hole  region,  but  as  it  is  the  only  American 
Peri(/iiiiiiiiiin  vet  dcscrilx'd  it.  seemed  desirable  to  include  it  here. 


7.  Kiidrinlritiiii  tm HUSHM  Linn.    A.  Hydranth  bearing  female  gonopnorea 

«-• 

EUDENDRID^E. 

Trophosome.—  Colony  branching,  often  profusely;  perisarc  evident,  often  regularly  annulated. 
Hydranths  with  a  single  verticil  of  filiform  tentacles,  and  a  proboscis  that  is  at  times  trumpet-shaped 
and  at  times  hemispherical,  the  'distal  end  being  the  larger. 

Gonosome.—  Gonophores  (male)  forming  verticils  just  beneath  the  tentacles  of  the  hydranth,  each 
verticil  being  composed  of  a  number  of  gonophores  radiating  like  the  spokes  of  a  wheel,  each  gono- 
phore  having  2  to  4  chambers  in  linear  series;  female  gonophores  not  in  regular  verticils,  and  usually 
clustered  around  the  hydranth  bodies.  No  medusae. 


332  m'LUvUN    I CED    STATES    rl^ll    COMMISSION. 

EUDENDBIUM. 

Characters  of  the  family  as  given  above'. 

A"*'*/  In  xjH'fit'X  of   EudttldriWH  /i"'//'/  in  fix'    1\'tt»Is  Hull'  i'i'<jnm. 

A.    Main  stem  fascicled.    (Larger  spccii-s.i 

a.    Stem  and  branches  extensively  annulated  throughout.     Hydranth  b**ly  vasilVrnt E.  <.U*iia?. 

a'.  Branches  and  pedicils  annulnted  at  proximal  ends  only. 

6.  Colony  large,  pinnately  branched1.    Male  gonophores  with  2  or  Schamliers E.  ramosuw. 

bf.  Colony  smaller,  less  than  3  inches.    Male  gonophores  4  or  5  clunnbered  and  borne  on  atrophied 

hydranths E.  car  it  f  nut. 

A'.  Main  stem  not  fascicled.    (Smaller  species,  i 

n.    Hydranth  body  globular;  pedicils  long,  slender.    Male  gonophores  4  or  5  chambered E.tenuc. 

«'.  Hydranth  body  vasiform,  colony  bushy;  pedicils  siren;:,  shorter.     Female  gonophorcs  on  aborted 

hydranths E.  capillare. 

<i".  Hydranth  body  vasiform:  colony  minute,  about  one-fourth  inch,  sparsely  branched;  pedicils  very 

long,  slender  and  pellucid.    Uonuplmrc*  Ixmic  on  aborted  hydranths E.  uttimn. 

Eudendrium  ramosum 
(Linn.)     Fig.  7. 

(Tltbtttui-iit  runt"*!  Linn..  Syst.  X;tt., 
p.  13t«.) 

Troplitinniie.  —Colony 
bushy,  attaining  a  height  of 
&  inches;  stem  fascicled,  the 
main  branches  giving  off 
pinnately  disposed  branch- 
lets;  annulations  confined  to 
bases  of  internodes  and  ends 
of  pedicils.  Hydranth  body  ovoid. 

(liiwisoine. — Male  gonophores  borne  on  bodies 
of  hydranths  that  are  not  often  completely  aborted, 
2  or  3  chambered;  female  gonophores  borne  usually 
on  hydrantlis  below  tentacles,  or  on  upper  part  ot 
pedieils. 

Cnlnr^ — General  color  greenish.  The  hydrantli 
todies  lined  with  vermilion  pigment.  Male  gono- 
phores vermilion;  female  gonophores  orange  red. 

Dixirilintiiin. — Growing  abundantly  on  piles  of 
U..  S.  F.  Co.  wharf  at  Woods  Hole.  One  of  the  com- 
monest forms  nourishing  in  shallow  water. 


B. 


A. 


S.    Kililfinti-hiHl  i 


Eudendrium  dispar  Ag.     Fig.  S. 
(Com. Nat.  Hist.  r..«.,iv,p.ais.) 

Trni>h<ixnin>'. — Colony  large,  attaining  a  height  of  •">  inches.  Stem  slender,  slightly  fawiclexl,  with 
extensively  annulated  branches  and  pedicils.  Hydranth  body  vasiform. 

(liiiiimiiiif. — (ioiKijihores  Ixirne  on  hydranths,  which  are  not  aborted  anil  nstmlly  not  reduced 
in  size. 

Ciilor. — General  color  greenish.  Hyxlranths  tose-colored.  Male  goronphores  orange;  female 
gonophorea  pink. 

Dixti-ilmtiiiii. — Found  in  rather  deep,  clear  water.  Naushon.  (A.  Airassix).  ('.  S.  Fish  Commission 
station  7CM»0.  off  Bloek  Island.  (Nuttins.'.  i 


r-     Of    THK    WOODS    ][tiu-.     UKi 


333 


Eudendrium  carneum  Clarke.     Kijr.  it. 
(Mem.  Boston  Soo.  Nnt.  Hist.,  in,  No.  -I,  p.  137.) 

e.— Colony  attaining  a  lieight  of  about  2  inches;  main  stem  fascicled,  pinnately 
branched,  the  branches  not  so  widely  spreading  as  in  K.  ramowm.  Ampliations  usually  confined  to 
the  proximal  ends  of  branches  and  pedicils,  except  that  the  pedicils  bearing  aborted  hydranths  and 
gonophores  are  deeply  ringed  throughout.  Hydranth  body  subvasiform. 

Gonosome. — Male  gonophores  4  or  5  chambered,  borne  in  a  verticil  around  the  body  of  aborted 
hydranths,  which  are  themselves  joined  to  pedicils  bearing  ordinary  hydranths,  the  two  being  thua 
borne  in  pairs  symmetrically  disposed  on  the  branches. 

f  Wo*-.— Hydranth  bodies  and  gonophores  bright  red. 

Dintribulion. — The  specimen  described  was  found  in  the  U.  P.  Fish  Commission  collection  at 
Wood*  Hole.  Labeled  December  17,  1888. 


9.  Etidcndriinn  rarnritm  Clarke. 


10.  Etukndriam  tenvc  A.  Ag. 


Eudendrium  tenue  A.  Ag.     Fig.  10. 
(North  American  Acalephse,  p.  100.) 

Tropliosome. — Colony  branching  irregularly,  attaining  a  height  of  about  one-half  inch.  Stem  not 
fascicled,  loosely  branching,  the  pedicils  being  long  and  slender.  Hydranth  body  globular. 

Gonosome. — Male  gonophores  2  to  4  chambered,  borne  on  nnbranched  annulated  pedicils,  the 
hydranths  of  which  have  become  aborted.  Female  gonophores  globular,  scattered  over  hydrantto 
body  and  pedicils.  (A.  Agassiz. ) 

Color. — General  color  bright  pinkish.     (A.  Agassiz. ) 

FHitribtition, — Shallow  water  in  Buzzard's  Bav.     Xauslion. 


334 


BULLETIN    OF   THK    UNITED   STATES   FISH    COMMISSION. 


Ettdendrium  capillare  Alder. 
(Catalogue  of  the  Zoophytes  of  Northumberland  and  Durham,  p.  105.) 

Trophosoine. — Colony  attaining  a  height  of  about  one-half  inch,  sparsely  branching,  the  branches 
and  pedicila  being  sparingly  annulated.     Hydranth  body  vasiform. 

<  iononome. — Male  gonophores  2  or  3  chambered,  borne  on  aborted  hydranths  springing  either  from 
the  branches  or  hydrorhiza.     Female  gonophores  also  borne  on  aborted  hydranths. 

Color. — Bydranths  pale  greenish.     Male  gonophores  orange. 
R.  I.,  in  shallow  water.     (C.  C.  N.) 


11.  J-lttdcndi-iitm  album  Nutting.    A."_Hydfanth  with  male  gonophores. 


Eudendrium  album  Nutting.     Fig.  11. 
(Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  May,  1898,  p.  362.) 

Tropliozome, — Colony  minute,  attaining  a  height  of  about  one-third  inch,  branching  in  a  strag- 
gling manner,  the  ultimate  branches  or  pedicils  being  exceedingly  long  and  slender,  pellucid,  and  not 
decidedly  or  regularly  annulated.  Hydranths  with  vasiform  bodies. 

Gonosomc. — Male  gonophores  2  or  3  chambered,  borne  on  hydranths  that  are  generally  not 
aborted,  but  may  be  considerably  reduced  in  size.  Female  gonophores  apparently  not  so  numerous  as 
in  allied  species,  borne  on  partially  aborted  hydranths. 

Color. — General  color  white,  hydranths  almost  entirely  so.     Male  gonophores  pale  orange  yellow. 

Distribution. — Found  on  floating  seaweed  secured  in  taking  the  tow  at  Woods  Hole;  also  on  U.  S. 
Fish  Commission  wharf. 

HYDRACTINID^E. 

Trophoeome. — Colony  formed  of  "persons"  of  three  sorts  springing  from  an  incrusting  layer 
beset  with  jagged  spines.  Perisarc  not  evident.  Hydranths  with  a  single  whorl  of  filiform  tentacles 
and  a  conical  proboscis.  "Spiral  zooids"  or  defensive  persons  slender,  cylindrical,  spirally  coiled, 
with  large  nematocyst  batteries  near  their  distal  ends. 

Gonosome. — Gonophores  fixed  sporosacs  borne  on  blastostyles,  forming  a  thin!  or  sexual  person  of 
the  colony. 

HYDBACTINIA. 


CharactiTH  of  the  family  us 


above.' 


OF    THE    WOODS    HOLK    KKWION. 


335 


Hydractinia  polyclina  Ag.     Fig.  1 2. 
((Vint.  Nat.  Hist.  r.  s.,  iv,  p:  ±>7J 

Ti'iiiiliiuaiini'.—  Colony  composed  of  thickly  crowded  persons  arising  from  an  incrusting  plate  beset 
with  jagged  spines  and  overlaid  with  crenosarc.  Hydranths  slender,  gradually  increasing  in  size 
from  proximal  to  distal  end,  tentacles 
numerous,  filiform,  arranged  in  sev- 
eral closely  approximated  whorls, 
which  are  so  closely  set  as  to  appear  as 
one  whorl  at  the  base  of  the  rather  low 
conical  proboscis.  Spiral  zooids  gen- 
erally situated  on  the  borders  of  the 
colony  and  with  a  number  of  nenta- 
tiM'yst  batteries  around  the  distal  end. 

( !oii  iixut/i  i'.  — Gonophores  borne 
on  sexual  persons  which  are  much 
stouter  and  shorter  than  the  hy- 
dranths, and  have  numerous  batteries 
of  nematocysts  around  the  conical 
proboscis,  but  no  tentacles.  No  free 
medusa'. 

f'lilnr. — Hydranths  white,  tinged 
with  red.  Gonophores,  which  give 
the  characteristic  color  to  the  colony, 
bright  red.  c  ^ 

Dintriliutiim.— Found  growing  on  ,,,   //,„,;.,„.,/„/„,,„,„,,,/„„  Ag'.    A.  Nutritive  "  person."'   B.  Repro- 

gaataropod  shells  inhabited  by  hermit  rim-tire  persons,    c.  Spinal  zooids  on  fighting  persons. 

crabs,  on  the  bare  rock,  or  on  the  piles 

of  wharves.     The  writer  has  found  them  among  the  colonies  of  Tiiliulru-tacroctaon  the  V.  S.  Fish  Com- 
mission wharf  at  Woods  Hole. 

I  have  carefully  compared  this  species  with  //.  rcliiiidla  from  England,  and  found  that  the  two 
are  quite  distinct  as  claimed  by  Agassiz.  Aside  from  the  characters  as  given  by  him  I  find  that  the 
European  form  has  very  much  larger  hydranths  than  the  American,  and  much  less  numerous  tentacles. 

PODOCORYNIDJE  (modified). 

Trophusome '. — Hydranths  with  a  single  whorl  of  filiform  tentacles  around  the  base  of  a  conical 
proboscis.  Hydrorhiza  a  reticulate  network  of  stolons  invested  with  perisarc  and  usually  l>eset  with 
jagged  spines. 

floiiotome. — Gonophores  growing  in  a  circlet  around  the  basal  part  of  the  hydranth  body,  and 
producing  fixed  sporosacs  or  free  medusa?  with  4  radiating  canals  and  4  or  8  marginal  tentacles  with 
eye-spots  at  their  bases. 

STYLACTIS. 

Ti-ophosome. — Hydranths  sessile,  without  evident  perisarc,  slender,  growing  from  a  hydrorhiza 
composed  of  a  network  of  anastomosing  tubes  which  are  not  covered  with  naked  ccenosarc,  and  which 
usually  bear  chitinous  spines. 

fJoniisiitiie. — Sporosacs  borne  on  the  hydranth  body  just  below  the  tentacles,  and  producing 
medusa:  with  8  rudimentary  'tentacles  and  no  mouth. 

Styiactis  hooperi  Srgrrlbw.     Figs.  13  and  86. 
(American  Naturalist,  xxxm,  No.  394.) 

Tropltosome. — Hydranths  exceedingly  slender  and  attaining  a  height  when  alive  of  alxitit  three- 
fourths  inch.  Tentacles  in  a  single  whorl,  very  variable  in  number,  the  average,  according  to  Sigerfoos, 
being  18  to  25.  Hydrortma  covered  with  a  felting  of  diatoms,  etc.,  but  with  no  covering  of  naked 
ccenosarc. 


330 


Hl'l.l.KTl.N     OK    THK     I'NITKD    STATKS    K'ISH    COMMISSION. 


t'liiiiiisoiiu: — Gonophores  borne  on  shorter  hydranths  just  below  the  tentacles  and  producing  free 
meduste  with  4  radial  canals,  8  rudimentary  tentacles,  and  neither  mouth  nor  eye-spots.  Ova  borne 
on  the  very  large  manubrinm.. 


13B. 


13.  Mytnrti*  hnoitfri  Sigerfoos. 

A.  Nutritive  hydranth  or  "person."  ~ 

B.  Reproductive  hydranth  or  "person." 


14.  Pfntmria  ttai-elfa  McCr. 

A.  Branch  of  colony. 

B.  Hydranth  with  medusae  (enlarged). 

C.  Single  sessile  medusa'  (enlarged) . 


Color.—  A.  specimen  kept  for  some  time  in  formalin  is  of  a  reddish  flesh  color.  I  have  not  seen 
the  free  medusae,  and  the  color  is  not  given  by  the  original  describer. 

Distribution.  —  Found  on  shells  of  a  living  gasteropod,  Ilyanasxa  obsolete!.  A  colony  was  found  at 
Woods  Hole  in  1886.  Dr.  Sigerfoos  found  numerous  specimens  at  Coldspring  Harbor,  Long  Island. 

PENNARID^E. 


oinr.—  Colony  regularly  branched  (in  our  species).     Hydranths  with  a  proximal  circlet  of 
filiform  tentacles  and  a  distal  set  of  spirally  arranged  or  whorled  capitate  tentacles. 

GfHioaome.—  Gonophores  producing  medusa;  which  are  either  attached  permanently  or  become 
free  when  mature,  and  which  have  4  radiating  canals  and  4  rudimentary  tentacles. 


HTDROID9    OF    THK    WOODS    HOLK 


337 


PKNNAKIA. 

Tfii/iliiuuiiin: — Colony  ]>innately  branched,  with  a  pronounced  chitiuous  periaarc.  Ilydranths  with 
a  pyrifonn  body  and  long  mobile  proboscis  beset  with  capitate  tentacles. 

(iniKMiini'. — Gonophores  borne  above  the  proximal  row  of  tentacles.  Medusie  oblong  ovate, 
with  a  very  large  proboscis  bearing  the  sexual  products. 

Pennaria  tiarella  McCr.     Figs'.  14  and  84. 
(l>ro(w<liiiK*  Elliott  Soc..  vol.  i,  No.  1,  p.  I."*!.) 

Ti-ii/ihiHttiitii: — Colony  attaining  a  height  of  about  6  inches,  with  main  stem  and  branches  geniculate 
and  beautifully  annulated  above  origin  of  each  branch,  branchlet,  and  pedicel.     Hydranths  large,  the 
ones  terminating  branches  being  decidedly  larger  than  the 
others;  a  basal  whorl  of  about  12  filiform  tentacles,  and  a 
number  of  capitate  tentacles  disposed  in  indistinct  whorls 
on  proboscis. 

(lonosvmr. — Gonophores  attached  to  hydranth  body 
just  above  whorl  c  >f  filiform  tentacles,  and  producing  oblong- 
ovate  sessile  mednsje  which  sometimes  give  forth  sexual 
products  while  still  attached,  and  sometimes  l>ecome  free 
before  giving  forth  the  sexual  products. 

Color. — Stem  horn  brown  with  darker  areas  at  the 
annulations.  Hydranth  body  lined  with  vermilion,  which 
shows  through,  producing  a  beautiful  contrast  with  the 
white  tentacles.  Sessile  niedusic  greenish  with  vermilion 
markings. 

DixtrlliHttdn. — Abundant  on  the  piles  of  Fish  Com- 
mission dock  at  Woods  Hole,  and  also  growing  profusely 
on  eelgrass  near  the  Hole.  One'of  the  most  abundant  and 
lieautiful  species  on  our  coast,*. 

CORYMORPHID^;. 

Tmphrmotitr. — Ilydranths  solitary,  without  complete 
tube  of  perisarc,  and  having  proximal  and  distal  whorls  of 
filiform  tentacles,  and  a  number  of  fleshy  or  tubular  proc- 
esses on  the  proximal  end  of  the  pedicel  or  stem. 

fiiniosome. — Gonophores  producing  medusa;  which 
have  4  radiating  canals  and  1  to  4  marginal  tentacles,  of 
which  one  is  much  the  largest. 


15.  Oorymorpha  pendtila  Ag. 


CORYMORPHA. 

Tni/ihiixome. — Hydranth   sharply  distinguished   from 
its    pedicel   and   with   numerous   short    filiform  tentacles 
arranged  in  several  closely  set  whorls  around  the  distal  end  of  the  proboscis  and  a  single  whorl  of 
larger  tentacles  around  the  base  of  the  body. 

Cinnoiome. — Gonophores  borne  on  branched  pedicels  above  the  proximal  whorl  of  tentacles  and 
producing  fixed  or  free  medusae  with  either  a  single  large  tentacle  or  4^tentacles,  one  of  which  ia 
much  the  largest. 

Corymorpha  pendula  Ag.     Fig.  15. 
(Cont,  Nat.  Hist,  U.  S.,  IV,  p.  276.) 

Trophosome.—  Hydranths  attaining  a  height  of  3  to  4  inches  when  alive  and  fully  extended. 
Pedicel  with  canaliculated  cosnosarc,  the  canals  appearing  superficially  aa  longitudinal  banda  which 
anastomose,  especially  on  the  proximal  part  of  the  pedicel,  the  distal  part  of  which  ia  abruptly 

F.  C.  B.  1899-22 


838  BULLKTIN    OF    THK    UNITKI)    STATKS    FISH    COMMfSSlON. 

attenuate  and  pendant.  In  place  of  the  hydrorhiza  the  basal  part  of  the  pedicel  is  frayed  out,  :is  it 
were,  into  numerous  hollow  tubular  processes. 

diiniixiiiii;'. — Gonopbona  borne  on  branched  peduncles  inserted  aliove  the  |>roxiinal  row  of 
tentacles'.  Medusa1  with  1  large  tentacle  and  usually  3  much  smaller  ones. 

I'd/nr. — Ilydrauth  body  mid  gonophotOB  bright  pink.  Medusa  with  light-yellow  proboscis  and 
pink  tentacle  bulbs, 

Distribution. — Sandy  and  muddy  bottoms  in  rather  deep  water.  The  specimens  in  the  1*.  S.  Fish 
Commission  collection  at  Woods  Hole  tire  not  labeled,  but  are  said  to  be  from  .Smith  Hole. 

TUBULARID/E. 

Ti-n/ilna>iiiiii'. — Hydrocaulus  with  a  distinct  tubular  perisarc,  branched  irregularly  or  not  at  all. 
Hydranths  with  a  proximal  and  distal  set  of  filiform  tentacles.  An  adherent,  creeping  hydrorhiza 
often  produced, 

doiniKdiiii'. — (ionophores  borne  above  the  proximal  whorl  of  tentacles  on  branched  peduncles,  and 
not  producing  free  medus;e.  The  female*)  produce  hydra-like  actinules  which  develop  directly  into 
new  colonies, 

J\i'jl  to  tin'  i/fiient  nf  T"l>iil«>'idtf  fnninl  in  tlif  WiHxl*  IIn/i'  ri'i/inn. 

Hydrant  I;*  permanently  attached  by  a  regular  Imlrorhi/.a Tnl>ttl<tri<i. 

Hydranths  nut  permanently  tixed.  tin-  stem  i>r  pedicel  giving  nit  buds  from  its  frit-  end,  which  nri; 

se[ut  rated  by  s[nnitanoiMis  fi«-ion  and  develop  into  new  hydra nths Hi/pttlittiii. 

TUBULARIA. 

Tfiijtliiuainii'.- — Colony  branched  or  unbranched,  attached  by  jiermaiient  chitinous  hydrorhiza. 
(liiiioHiniii; — (ionophores  borne  in  pendent  clusters  attached  by  i>eduncles  to  the  hydranth  body 
al>ove  the  proximal  tentacles.     Female  gonophores  producing  actinules. 

A"'1//  tn  tin'  x/icrii'X  nf  Tiiliiiliiflu  fiininl  in  tin'  WI/IH/K  I fi>li'  ri'ijinii. 

A.    Sessile  nu'dusiu  \vith  distinct  nidial  p»na]s  and  apk'al  p^K?t's^e8 T.  ntflifmifi. 

A.'.  Senile  intrinsic  without  (listiivt  nidial  canals,  and  with  conical  apical  processes. 

n.  Cu'iiosarr  forming  a  distinct   expansion  in  the  stem  just  below  the  hydranth.    Perisarc  exten- 
sively anmilatco! , T.  litri/tis. 

(('.  I'eriKare  not  extensively  annulated. 

ft.  Hydranths  large.    Habitat,  slidllow  water 7v» T.  iprrtHbilis. 

>>'.  Hydninths  small.    Haliitut,  lU-Mji  water T.  tenella. 

A".  Sessile  medusie  without  distinct  riwliul  canals,  and  with  apical  pnx'esses  of  females  flattened. 

Hydrant!)*  large.     Haliiiiit,  shallow  water T.  croeca. 

Tubularia  cithouyi  Ag1.    Kig.  16. 

(Cimt.  Nat.  Hist.  U.S., IV,  p.2(!li.) 

Ti-11/ilniKftnn: — Stems  unbranched,  often  annulated,  attaining  a  height  of  5  to  ~!  inches.  Hydranth 
large,  probably  the  largest  on  our  coasts,  often  expanding  an  inch  or  more;  proximal  whorl  of  tentaclea 
30  to  40  in  number;  distal  set  very  much  smaller  and  shorter. 

(iiiiiiiKiiiiii: — (Jonophores  growing  in  dense  racemes  from  the  hydranth  body  just  alx>ve  proximal 
whorl  of  tentacles.  Sessile  medusje  with  4  radial  canals  and  without  tentacular  processes  at  the  oral 
end.  Females  producing  actiuules. 

Culm: — Stem  and  gonophores  bright  scarlet. 

Dutribution. — Found  in  brackish  water  usually.  A  number  of  beautiful  specimens  were  sent  me 
by  Dr.  Mead,' of  Brown  University,  who  hail  them  growing  in  a  submerged  flatboat  at  Providence, 
R.  I.  A  few  specimens  were  taken  from  a  depth  of  30  fathoms  by  the  Fixli  Hairk  in  latitude  40°  49' 
45",  longitude  70°  42'.  Mr.  George  Gray  reports  them  from  Quick  Hole  and  off  Nobska  Point, 

Tubularia  larynx  Ellis  &  Solamler.     Fig.  17. 
(Nut.  Hist.  Corallines,  p.  30.) 

Trophoaome. — Colony  bushy;  stems  branched  and  extensively  annulated,  attaining  a  height  of  1 
to  1J  inches.  Ccenosare  of  the  stem  forming  a  curious  collar-like  expansion  below  the  hydranth. 
Hydranth  with  16  to  20  proximal  tentacles,  and  about  the  same  nnmber  in  the  distal  set, 


MVDHnlDS  OF  THE  WOODS  HOLK  !{K<M'IN. 


(iiniiiKiiiiif.  —  Gouophores  twrjie  in  dense  clusters,  the  female  without  evident  radial  canals,  and 
with  conical  tentacular  proc^sse.s  at  tlirir  oral  ends. 

CH/IH:  —  I'erisarc,  jn  adult  specimens,  yellow.     Body  of  hydranths  and  jrir.ophorcs  pinkish  scarlet. 

Distribution.—  Pound  on  Mcky  an  1  shelly  bottom.".  A  number  of  specimens  secured  growing 
OH  l-'.ni'i'ii  Iri'itii  iliffiir  and  on  sea  \vi'0  1  at  I".  S.  Ki<h  Connnissi  m  station  ~0(iO,  Muskcj;at  Lift'-Savins; 
station  iH-ariiiir  X.  by  K.  .'  K.  4.5  miles.  Depth,  5  fathoms. 


^   (\y>.  ).     Ki<r.  18. 
i  T.'inmiiiH'iiiiiiii  >iHi'i<th;i:>  \guf?\-/..  Con.  Nut.  Hist.  r.  s..  iv.  p.  271.  i 

Ti-uiiliiiriiiiH'.  —  t'olony  invfiularly  branclied  aixl  sparsely  annulated,  attainiujra  hfi<;ht  of  about  4 
incites.     Ilydranths  with  about  20  tentacles  in  the  proximal  row  and  nearly  the  same  number  in  the 

e.  —  As  in  the  last  species-,  except  tliftt  tl;e  clustan  of  gonophoreg  are  larger  and  longer. 
Culm-.  —  The  st.'ins  are  very  pale;  almost  white.      Ilydranth  liody  and  jronophores  row  re<l. 
Jijuti-iliiitiitn.  —  Found  on  rocks  at  end  of  Newport  Jslund.     At  Woods  Hole,  locality  not  given. 


•^ 


111.    Ttilittlnriit  rittlitiiiit!. 
A.  Sossilt-  iiif<lusii. 


17.    Tnl>nl<irui  l(ti-iin.r  Kll.  it  Sol. 


18.    TiilialuTin  i'lidiiiltilif  (Ag ').     ,        , 
A.  Uniuiplinh-  ('initiiiiiiiiK  nn  nctinuU1. 


Tubularia  tenella  (Ag.). 

I  TliililllliH-iiiili'ii  Iriirlln  \K..  Tout.  Nut.  Hist.  I*.  S..  IV.  |i.2tS!) 

Trii/,li,,taiiiii-— Colony  very  small  for  this  genus,  hardly  exceeding  1  inch  in  height.  Stems  loosely 
branching,  not  distinctly  aunulated.  Hydranths  with  a  proximal  row  of  about  18  tentacles,  and  about 
the  same  number  in  the  distal  row. 

(•'iinuxHiiH1. — As  in  the  last  species. 

Color. — Stem  pale,  almost  white.     Ilydranth  Ixvdies  and  gonophores  pink. 

Distribution. — The  open  ocean  in  rocky  pools  (A.  Agassiz).  Vineyard  Sound,  6  to  10  fathoms. 
(A.  E.  Verrill. ) 

The  best  distinguishing  mark  of  this  species  seems  to  be  its  small  size,  only  about  half  that  of 
T.  xpfctablUs. 

i 


840 


HI  I.I.KTIN    OF   TiJK    UNITED  ATATKS    FISH   COMMISSION. 


Tubulajria  crocea  (A-;.).     Fig.  1!). 

(  I'urililhni-i-i ,i;n  Aj;..  ('out.  Xilt.  Hivt.r.S.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  2  111.  ) 

TVopAosojnc.— Colony  gmwlng  JH  dense  tufts  of  stems  entangled  below  and  separated  into  long 
pedicels  above,  attaining  it  hs-ighl  of  Sto4  inches.  Stems  unbranched  or  sparsely  branched,  annulated 
slightly  at  .intervals,  and  invollen  just  below  the  liydranth.  Hydranth  with  a  body  whorl  of  about 
20  to  24  tt'ntifles,  ami  about  the  same  nnmlier  in  the  distal  set. 

0onoMflM,->-Goi|ophoics  growing  in  racemes  or  clusters.  Sessile  medusae  with  a  group  of  about 
four  tentacular  proccssi  s  at  its  oral  end,  those  of  the  female  being  laterally  compressed.  There  are  no 
evident  radiating  canals. 

( 'nlur, — Body  of  hydranths  and  gonophores  rose  red.     Stems  pale,  almost  white. 

IHnlriliiiliiiii. — Found  growing  very  profusely  on  the  piles  of  the  Fish  Commission  dock  at  Woods 
Hole;  also  on  the  piles  of  the  docks  at  New  Haven  and  other  similar  places. 

This  species  i.s  exceedingly  difficult  to  distinguish  from  T.  spei-Uibilin.  Indeed,  little  confidence 
can  l>e  placed  in  identification  of  specimens  without  mature  female  gonophores. 


' 


19.  Tiilinl'iriit  i-rnrm  (A(f.  i.    A.  Cluster  of  ffonopliores.  20.  Hypolytiif  i>cregrinut  Murb.'  "(After  Murbach.) 

HYPOLITIS. 


iiitK'.  —  Colony  consisting  of  single  hydranths  with  a  long  proboscis  and  a  distal  and  proxi- 
mal whorl  of  filiform  tentacles.     The  proximal  end  of  the  stem  is  free. 

(,'oiiiHiiiiiif.  —  Oonophores  borne  on  the  prolwscis  immediately  above  the  proximal  whorl  of  tentacles. 
They  occur  singly  and  not  in  clusters  in  the  type  specimen.  The  sessile  medusre  are  long  and  terete 
in  form,  and  show  no  tentacular  processes. 

Hypolytus  perigrinus  Murbach.     Fig.  20. 
(Quart.  Journ.  Mic.  Sci.,  vol.  42,  part  3,  p.  341.) 

The  generic  description  above  is  sufficient  to  identify  the  one  known  species  of  the  genus. 
Description  condensed  from  original;  figure  copied  from  that  of  Dr.  Murbach,  with  his  permission. 

HYBOCONIDAE. 

Trophosonie.  —  Colony  unbranched.    Stem  with  a  distinct  chitinous  perisarc,  and  rooted  to  a  true 
hydrorhiza.     Hydranths  large,  with  a  proximal  and  distal  set  of  filiform  tentacles. 
Cfenosonte.  —  Gonophort;  producing  free  ineduso?. 


HYDROIDS    OK   THK    WOODS    HOLK    UKGION.  341 


Ti'i.jilioHfiiiii:  —  Stt'ia  with  distinct,  deeply  anmilatcd  cxjtim<jj<>n  just  below  hydrunth.  Hydranth 
with  a  proximal  whorl  n\\i\  J,\yq  d;stiu.ct  bi\t  c.losely  approximated  distal  whorls  of  filiform  tentacles. 

GotUMKimr.  —  (Jonophqrtts  attac.hpd  ^jwi-tly  to  the  hydranth  }yOi(]y  without  the  intervention  of 
peduncles,  and  developing  hitft  f^ee  meduan,  each  of  which  has  a  singly  large  tentacle  bearing  suceeed- 
ing  gei\£i3\t  ions  of  H\e.(\U<*-  Mt^".""'  deeply  campanulate,  with  4  ratljal  canals  and  a  short  proboscis. 

Hybocodon  prolifer  Ag.     pig.  7<i. 
{Com.  Xnt.  Hisl.  T.  S..  iv,  p.  -Jl:l.  i 

V')v/y/ijn4.(.,«t.  .  -  Ilydroeaulus  unbranched,  longitudinally  striped  owluu  to  thu  ixeiiosurcal  canals 
showing  tlirough;  perisarc  suddenly  enlarging  near  the  hydranth,  where  a  number  of  collar-like 
swollen  rings  api>ear,  the  uppermost  lieing  the  largest.  Jiytlrailth  IWK'h  h'ke  that  of  Tnlmlanii,  but 
with  two  distinctly  separated  whorls  of  tentacles  around  the  proboscis,  each  whorl  being  composed  of 
about  16  tentacles,  the  lo,\YPV  l>t'-i"g  twit*  «s  long  a"  the  upper. 

<IHH<UUHH<:  —  (ionophores  adnate  to  the  hydranth  body  just  above  the  basal  whorl  of  tentacles, 
producing  free  medusi'  with  four  radial  canals  and  five  superficial  meridional  orange-colored  bands, 
when  fully  mature.  The  single  tentacle  is  greatly  enlarged,  and  near  its  base  a  number  of  medusfc  in 
various  stages  of  development  are  attached,  and  these  again  may  in  the  same  manner  bear  still  other 
groups  of  inedus.'c. 

Color.  —  The  pigmentation  of  both  hydranth  anil  medusje  is  orange  red. 

Distribution.  —  Deep  pools  of  sea  water  (Agassiz).  The  medusa  only  has  teen  taken  at  Woods 
Hole,  being  collected  in  the  tow  net  by  Mr.  Vina]  Kdwards  011  March  '2,  At  that  time  the  or&nge 
bands  were  not  conspicuous. 


Hydnitheca-  and  gonangia  jir<iseilt. 


Ti-o/i/iiiMiiiti:  —  Hydrothecui  wt'H  developed,  nonojjereulate,  either  with  distinct  pedicels  or  nearly 
sessile,  but  not  adnate  to  or  partly  immersed  in  stem  or  branches.  Hydrothecal  cavity  distinctly 
differentiated  from  cavity  of  stem  by  a  septum  perforated  to  allow  a  co>nosarcal  connection  between 
hydranth  and  pedicel.  Hydranth  with  a  tnun])et-shaped  or  subglobular  proboscis. 

(loiioxoiiif.  —  (ionophores  either  developing  the  generative  products  directly  or  producing  medusse 
which  usually  have  otocysts,  and  in  which  the  ovaries  are  situated  along  the  course  of  the  radial 
canals  and  sometimes  on  the  prolx>scis  also,  but  never  on  the  proboscis  alone. 

Ki'ij  tn  ijeni'fii  nf  f'liiit/Hiiinliii'iil.v  fiimiil  in  tlie  Wooth  Hole  region. 

A.  Stein  iinl  n-iiularly  Uriiiu'luHl. 

o.    Hydrotlu-ca-  on  IOIIK  pedicrls. 

It.    Fri-t-  nu-'liisit  with  four  imirginal  toiitaclL-s  nt  birth  .....  ,  .................................................  Ctytia. 

1>'.  No  im-dusji-.    Kcprmlnctioii  by  phinulio  ...........................................................  CampaHularia. 

n'.   Hyirothrcif  tubular.    Pedivi'ls  short.    Miirgin  o(  hydrothocse  entirr,  not  toothtnl  ..........................  Hebella. 

A'.  Stem  rcK"larI\-  l>ranche*l. 

it.     Fr<f  ?iH'<tMs;i'  \vitli  Id  or  more  innrKiual  tontacles.    Litlmt-ysts  on  tlu1  bases  of  tentacles  .....................  Obelia. 

a'.  No  free  mednsf.  the  mature  Konaiimia  bearing  meilusa-likc  sporosncs  on  their  summits  ...............  Hmmtlujra-ir. 

n".  No  fro  i  meilu»;e,  the  planulse  being  developed  within  the  gonangiura  ...............................  Campanularia. 

The  Onmpanidaridx  offer  great  difficulties  in  iilentilication,  owing  to  the  necessity  of  basing  generic 
characters  on  the  gonosome  and  the  practical  identity  of  the  trophosomes  of  different  genera.  The 
following  entirely  artificial  key,  although  inadequate  in  .some  cases,  is  presented  to  aid  the  collector 
and  student  in  the  identification  of  specimens  without  the  gonosome. 


44-J  lil'U.KTl.N    UK   THK    LIMITED   STATES   FISH   COMMISSION. 

^e!l  j'urji/eit/ijii-uti'jii  </;  '  'ampanutaridte  found  in  Wood*  Hole,  'region  (based  on  trophosome  alone). 

\.    Sloni  neither  re  imlnrly  branched  nor  fascicled.    This  includes  cases  where  a  pedicel  supports  other  pedicels  springing 

from  it  in  an  irregular  manner, 
u.    Pedicels  siron.uly  tmnulated  throughout. 

b.    Hydrothecal  margin  not  toothed, but  entire Campamitaria, poteritim 

b'.   Hydrotheeal  margin  evidently  toothed. 

e.    Hydrotheca:  small,  tubular.    Teeth  very  shallow ClytinvolubUii. 

*•'.  Tcet  h  sharp,  deeply  cut.    Hydrotheca:  .small,  with  a  tendency  to  irregular  branching. .  Campatiularia  laznuta. 
a'.  Pedicels  not  strongly  annulated  except  at  ends, 
l<.     Hydrothceal  teeth  squared  off  at  ends. 

Hydrotheeae  ornu mented  with  vertical  1  incs Campanularia  Itiiickiii. 

b'.   Hydrothecal  teeth  evenly  rounded.    Hydrothecae  very  large,  with  parallel  sides  and  exceed- 
ingly thin  walls Clytia  yrayi. 

li".  Hydrothecal  teeth  sharply  pointed,  the  extreme  tips  sometimes  rounded. 

c.    Pediet-ls  usually  more  than  three  times  the  length  of  hydrothecae.    Hydrothecae  deeply 

campanulate Clytia  bicop/iora. 

!•'.  i-cdicels  seldom  more  than  three  times  the  length  of  hydrotheca:. 

d.    Hydrothec;e  broad,  often  subtriaugular  in  outline Clytia  nolifonais. 

(/'.  Hydrothec;e  deep,  cylindrical '. Clytia  cylmdr'uxt. 

A'.  Stein  regularly  branched. 
ti.    Stem  fascicled. 

b.    Hydrothec;e  with  pointed  or  regularly  rounded  teeth.    Pedicels  arranged  in  verticils  around 

Mem Campamilaria  verticitlata. 

b' .   Hydrothecae  with  very  shallow  evenly  rounded  teeth.    Colony  with  subverticillate  branches. .  Obelia  Imiffiesima, 
b".  Hydrothcca?  with  square,  or  bimucrunate  teeth. 

c.    Hydrotheca:  ornamented  with  vertical  lines  or  longitudinal  ridges. 

tf.    Hydrothecae  very  deep,  tubular.    Pedicels  with  more  than  (i  annulationa Obelia  biaiKpid,ata. 

it'.  Hydrotheeienot  so  deep.    Pedicels  with  usually  3  to  0  annulations Obelia  bldf.nt.aia. 

f.f.  Hydrothecae  without  evident  longitudinal  lines ..Obelia gelatinosa. 

a'.  Stem  not  regularly  fascicled.1 
a.  Hydrothecal  margin  toothed. 

b.    Pedicels  usually  in  pairs  or  subopposite Campanvlaria  cdwardei. 

b'.  Pedicels  regularly  alternate. 

c.    Pedicels  longer  than  hydrothecae,  not  completely  annulated Campanularia  ntgtecto. 

c'.  Pedicels  shorter  than  hydrotheca:. 

d.    Aperture  of  hydrothecaa  broader  than  middle  part Gonothyrza  tenuit. 

df.  Aperture  scarcely  broader  than  middle  part G&nothyrxa  loveni. 

a'.  H ydrothecal  margin  even,  not  toothed. 

b.  Colony  with  a  very  slender  central  stem,  from  which  much-branched  short  lateral  branches 
arise  in  a  verticillate  manner. 

c.    Hydrothecse  triangular  in  outline.    Pedicels  usually  with  4  to  6  annulations Obelia  flabclfata . 

c'.   Hydrotheca!  deeper,  subtriangular  in  outline.    Pedicels  usually  with  more  than  6  annula- 
tions   Obelia  eommitturalit. 

r".  Hydrotheca:  deeply  campanulate.    Pedicels  often  considerably  longer  than  hydrothecae, 

and  with  their  middle  portions  not  annulated Campanularia  amphora, 

bi.  Colony  not  branched  in  a  regularly  verticillate  manner. 

r.   Stem  nearly  straight,  branches  strong,  suberect,  and  giving  off  bushy  branchlets.    Hydro- 

i  In •<•;!:  very  deep,  campanulate.    Pedicels  very  short Obelia  dicfiotonia. 

c'.  Stem  strongly  flcxuose.  or  geniculate,  usually  not  profusely  branched,  and  giving  off  alter- 
nate pedicels. 
'/.    Stem  flcxuose.    Hydrotheeae  deep,  with  slightly  everted  margins.    Pedicels  sometimes 

quite  long,  with  middle  portions  not  annulated Campawflaria  valccolifcra. 

<r.   Stem  decidedly  flexuose,  each  pedicel  forming  a  graceful  curve  continuous  with  the 
intornode  from  which  it  springs.    Hydrothecae  campanulate.    Pedicels  with  ti  to 

12  annulations Otmpannlaria  fictuosa. 

<l".  Stem  gcniculate,  or  abruptly  bent  at  the  nodes. 

r.    Pedicels  long,  with  many  annulations Campamilaria  anfiulaia. 

r'.  PediceN  short,  borne  on  broad  processes  from  stem.    Hydrothecas  subtriangular. . .  Obdia  i/c 
,\".  Colony  parasitic,  usually  growing  iti  a  straggling  or  irregular  manner  over  other  hydroidH.    Hydrothecie 

tubular,  with  even  margins.    Pedicels  very  short,  sometimes  hardly  apparent..  (Genus 
n.    Hydrothec:c  large,  curved.    Colony  almost  always  found  growing  symmetrically  over  ,^ci-ttilaria 

rnrn iff/in ffebella  catcarata. 

«',  Hydrothecu'  much  smaller.    Colony  growing  in  a  straggling  manner  over  various  hydroids  and 

other  organisms Il'brtla  pitfiiii.rfi. 

1  An  appearance  "i  liiM'ieiilationis  often  produced  when  a  simple  stem  is  overgrown  with  parasitic  hydroids,  oruveii 
when  young  colonies  are  growing  over  oldw  ones  of  the  same  fpccies. 


ItlDKolHS    (>K    Till-:     WOODS    llol, |.;     UK.u  lo.\. 


Ci.YTIA. 

Trophn/wme. — Colony  not  regularly  branched.  Hydrothecio  with  toothed  margins  and  long 
pedicels. 

(lononome. — Gonangia  containing  goimphorcs  which  produce  medusa-  with  4  radial  canals,  4 
marginal  tentacles  at  birth,  and  8  lithocysts  between  the  tentacle  bases. 

Key  to  the  specie*  of  t'li/l  in  fnniiil  in  Ilir  Womh  I  Me  re.ifion. 

Hydrotlioffp  small,  bell-shaped,  with  doc-ply  rut  ti-c-lh ('.  bici/iiliora. 

Hydrothee;e  small,  eylindrical,  \vi(h  sharp  teeth  and  short  pedicels <'.  fi/liii'lrtrn^ 

Hydrothectc  larger,  stout,  broadly  onmpaiuilate,  or  subtrianifiilar  in  outline, 

With  large,  evenly  rounded  tooth f.  inilifiinnis. 

very  lai'K*'.  \vilh  parallel  sides  and  evenly  rounded  teeth t\  tj\-<t>:> . 


Clytia  bicophora  Ag.     Fig.  21. 
(Cont.  Xat.  Hist.  U.  S.,  iv,  p.  304.) 

Trophoxome. — Stem  seldom  branching,  never  regularly  so.  Hydrothecic 
deeply  campanulate,  with  about  14  pointed  teeth.  Pedicels  large,  long,  annulated 
at  the  ends,  usual!}'  smooth  through  the  middle  portion. 

Gonosome.—  Gonangia  deeply  and  evenly  ringed,  resembling  a  Chinese  lan- 
tern, usually  borne  on  the  root  stock,  sometimes,  on  the  stem.  Medusa  whpi 
liberated  hemispherical,  with  4  tentacles  and  8  lithocysts  situated  between  the 
bases  of  the  tentacles,  and  a  short  manubrium. 

Distribution. — Shallow  water,  attached  to  shells,  other  hydroids,  seaweed, 
etc.  Found  on  the  stems  of  Tubularin  crocea  growing  on  the  piles  of  the  U.  S. 
Fish  Commission  dock  at  Woods  Hole. 

Both   llincks  and  Verrill  regard  this  species  as  identical  with  f'ltjtin  john- 

sloni  Alder,  of  British  waters.     I  have  carefully  compared  American  specimens  o^ 

( '.  liimjiliom  with  specimens  of  C.  johnsloni  from  England,  and  find  that  the  former 

is  a  much  more  delicate  and  smaller  species,  the  hydrothecse  of  C.  johiifloni  being 

on  the  average  twice  as  long  and  wide  as  those  of  C.  bicophoru. 

Clytia  cyliudrica  Ag. 
(Cont.  Xnt.  Hist.  r.  S.,  iv,  p.  306.) 

Trophosome. — Stems  unbranched,  with  pedicels  shorter  than 
in  C  bicophoru,  annulated  at  the  proximal  and  distal  ends.  H  ydro- 

thecfe  cylindrical,  small,  deep,  with  about  10  deeply  cut,  sharply 
i.'.t-V.      ,,  21.  ClijtiabicoplioraAg. 

painted  teeth. 

<;<i/io*ome. — Gonangia  slender,  oblong,  flattened,  not  annulated,  containing  devel- 
oping medusas  which  escape  singly.  Medusae  not  described. 

Distribution. — Much  as  in  the  last  species.  Found  in  Buzzards  Bay  and  at  Xauahon. 
(A.  Agassiz.) 

I  have  not  seen  this  species,  and  have  compiled  the  above  d«scriptions  from  the 
writings  of  Louis  and  Alexander  Agassiz. 


•2-2.    ciiilia    noli- 
formis 


Clytia  noliformis  (McCr,).     Fig.  22. 
(Campanularia  naliformis  McCr.,  Proc.  Elliott  Soc.,  vol.  I,  No.  1,  £.  194.) 

Trophnnome. — Pedicels  short,  unusually  not  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  hydrothecte,  strongly 
annulated,  rising  from  a  creeping  rootstock.  Hydrotheae  broadly  campanulate,  with  10  to  12  very 
prominent,  deeply  cut  teeth  with  rounded  points.  Texture  of  hydrothecfe  stater  than  in  other 
species  of  the  genus. 

Gonomme. — My  specimens  are  without  gonangia,  and' I  have  been  unable  to  find  an^  description 
of  them. 

It  is  not  certain  that  this  species  occurs  in  the  Woods'  Hole  region.  Dr.  Agassiz  reports  it  from 
Buzzards  Bay,  but  as  he  considers  it  identical  with  the  ('///tin  c/i/iiiili-irii  of  his  father's  work,  a  species 
that  appears  to  me  to  be  distinct,  I  am  not  sure  whether  he  had  McCrady's  species  or  not.  My  own 
specimens  came  from  Beaufort,  N.  C. 


344 


01     THi:     I  .\tTKI)    .VL'ATKS    Kl.SH    OiM.MlSSloN. 


Clytia  grayi,  new  species.     Fig.  23. 
IVop/iosom?.— Stems  unbranched  or  irregularly  branched,  strongly  annulated,  except  on  middle 


portion.     Hydrothecse  very  large 


23.  Clytia  ffrai/i  Nutting. 

A.  Hydrotheca  with  hydranth  (enlarged ) . 


(twice  as  large  as  in  C.  Ijirrijthoru),  cylindrical,  the  sides  being 
parallel  and  bottom  hemispherical;  marginal  teeth  about  16  in 
number,  evenly  rounded  and  not  very  deeply  cut.  There  is  often 
a  tendency  to  a  longitudinal  plaiting,  which  shows  as  short, 
straight  lines  running  downward  from  between  the  teeth.  Hy- 
dranth with  about  20  tentacles. 

Gonosome. — Gonangia  oblong,  conspicuously  and  regularly 
annulated,  attached  to  creeping  rootstock.  Medusae  not  known. 

Distribution. — Found  growing  on  living  worm  tubes  com- 
posed of  sand.  Dredged  by  the  Fixh  Hawk  at  station  7051,  lati- 
tude, 40°  46'  30"  N. ;  longitude,  70°  40/  W.  Depth  31  fathoms. 

The  largest  Clytia  yet  found  in  American  waters. 

Named  in  honor  of  Mr.  George  Gray,  of  the  Marine  Biolog- 
ical Laboratory  at  Woods  Hole,  a  man  who  has  done  much  for 
American  marine  biology. 

CAMPANTJLARIA. 

TrophosomeS — Colony  unbranched,  regularly  branched,  or 
fascicled.  Hydrotheca;,  without  operculum  and  with  or  without 
marginal  teeth. 

Gonosome. — Gonangia  producing  sexual  products  which  de- 
velop into  planuln;  within  gonangium.  No  medusre. 

K?u  in  species  of  Campanularia  foimd  in  the  Woody  Hole  region. 

A.        Colony  not  regularly  branched. 

a.    Hydrothecre  with  margin  entire C.  potcrium. 

a'.  Hydrothecal  margin  toothed. 

6.    Teeth  square  or  truncated  at  top C.  hincksii. 

b'.  Teeth  very  shallow,  formingsinuositiesornndnlationsaroundaperture.    Hydrothecae  deep,  tubular. .C.  volubilit, 

b".  Teeth  very  sharp  and  deeply  cut,  pedicels  long,  stem  irregularly  branched C.  miniita. 

A'.       Colony  regularly  branched. 
a.    Hydrothecal  margin  toothed. 

6.    Teeth  castellated  or  bimucronate C.  negteeta, 

b'.  Teeth  acute,  stem  not  fascicled c.  edwardsi- 

b".  Teeth  sharp  or  rounded,  stem  fascicled c.  vcrtfiillntQ. 

a.    Hydrothecal  margin  entire. 

b.    Branches  arranged  in  subverticillate  manner  around  a  slender  axial  stem.     Pedicels  often 

longer  than  hydrothecce C.  amphora. 

b'.  Branches  not  arranged  in  a  subverticillate  manner.    Main  stem  giving  off  alternate  pedicels. 

c.    Stem  angulated,  or  strongly  geniculate.    Pedicels  long C.  angulata. 

c'.  Stem  flexuose.    Pedicels  annulated  throughout.    Gonangia  with  a  large  terminal  aperture C.  flrmosa. 

c".  Stem  slightly  flexuose.    Pedicels  long,  not  always  annulated  throughout.    Gonangia  with 

a  subterminal  aperture C.  calc?ol(fe>'tt 

Campanularia  poterium  (Ag. ).     Fig.  24. 
(Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  U.  S.,  p.  297.) 

Troplwsome. — Stem  unbranched,  the  pedicels  arising  directly  from  annulated  rootstock;  pedicels 
annulate  throughout,  the  annulations  often  oblique,  giving  a  twisted  appearance.  Hydrothecre 
deeply  campanulate;  aperature  not  toothed;  basal  portion  thickened  greatly,  so  as  to  include  what 
appears  to  be  the  uppermost  annulation.  Hydranths  with  24  tentacles. 

Gonosome. — Gonangia  rather  slender,  not  decidedly  annulated,  growing  from  the  rootatock.  The 
sexual  products  pass  through  part  of  their  development  in  an  acrocyst  resting  on  top  of  gonangium. 

i  It  appears  to  be  impossible  to  construct  generic  characters  for  the  Campanularldy,  on  the  basis  of  the  trophosomes. 
The  classification  of  the  group  is  unnatural  and  unsatisfactory  in  the  extreme,  but  this  is  not  the  place  to  attempt  its 
rectification. 


HYDROIDS    OF    THE    WOODS    HOLE    REGION. 


345 


Distribution.— Found  growing  on  stones,  shells,  seaweed,  etc.     A  specimen  in  the  U.  S.   Fish 

Commission  collection  is  labeled:   "Off  Nantucket  Island."     Depth,  23  fathoms. 

Campanularia  hincksii  Alder.     Fig.  25. 

(North,  and  Durh.  Cat.  in  Trans.  Tyneside  Field  Club,  III,  p.  127.) 

Tropliomme. — Pedicels  springing  directly  from  a  creeping  rootstock,  not  extensively  annulated. 
Hydrotheca?  large,  deep,  cylindrical,  With  about  12  prominent  square-topped  teeth,  from  between 
which  vertical  lines  pass  dtown  over  the  surface  of  the  hydrotheca. 

Ganosome. — Gonangia  long,  annulated,  resembling  that  of  Clyiiajohnstoni,  but  often  not  so  deeply 
annulated. 

Distribution. — Growing  on  stones,  shells,  etc.,  in  rather  deep  water.  A  specimen  was  secured 
from  a  depth  of  15  fathoms  near  Newport,  R.  I.  Contrary  to  the  rule  among  campanularians,  the 
hydranth  of  this  specimen  was  brilliantly  colored,  the  general  color  being  yellow  and  the  basal  part 
scarlet. 


Ctomp<mulaFfa poterium  ( 


fi. 


•J.V  <'ttiiii>fii>nlftt'/(i  fiiiu~'knfi  Alder. 

A.  Upper  part  of  hydrotheca  (enlarged). 


26.  Campanularia  volubilis  (Linn.). 
A.  Hydrotheca  (enlarged). 


Campanularia  volubilis  (Linn.).     Fig.  26. 
(Syst.  Xnt.,  p.  1311,  under  name  of  Sertularia  mlubilis.) 

Tropliosomc. — Pedicels  long,  extensively  annulated,  springing  from  a  creeping  rootstock.  Hydro- 
thecse  small,  tubular,  with  about  10  shallow  rounded  marginal  teeth. 

Ci,tioitomf. — Gonagia  borne  on  the  rootstock,  flask-shaped,  with  a  long  tubular  neck  and  small 
terminal  aperture. 

Distribution. — Found  growing  on  Sertularetta  trienspidata  on  specimens  in  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commis- 
sion collection;  supposed  to  be  from  rather  deep  water. 

The  combination  of  tubular  hydrotheoe  with  very  shallow  teeth  and  extensively  annulated 
pedicels  will  differentiate  this  form  from  others  on  the  North  Atlantic  coast. 

Campaimlaria  minuta,  new  species.     Fig.  27. 

Trophosoms. — Stem  branching  in  an  irregular  straggling  manner,  attaining  a  height  of  about 
one-fourth  inch.  Pedicels  long,  extensively  annulated,  rising  almost  parallel  with  the  main  stem, 
which  is  itself  extensively  annulated,  although  there  are  smooth  portions  of  considerable  extent. 
Hydrotheca  very  small,  deeply  campanulate,  with  8  to  10  very  acute  and  prominent  teeth. 

Gonomme — Not  known. 

Distribution. — Parasitic  on  Obelia  commistnrab's  from  the  piles  of  the  wharf  at  New  Bedford. 
Collected  by  Mr.  Vinal  Edwards. 

This  species  appears  to  be  quite  distinct.  It  seems  to  be  nearest  to  C.  raridentata  Alder,  from 
which  it  differs  in  being  branched,  in  the  extent  of  annulations  of  the  pedicels,  and  in  'the  hydrothecse 
being  considerably  broader  in  proportion  to  their  length. 


846 


I! I  1.LET1N    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 


Campanularia  edwardsi,  neu  ^pi  (  ii-.     Fig.  28. 

Colony  attaining  a  height  of  over  an  inch,  branching  somewhat  irregularly,  but  with 
a  distinct  tendency  to  send  off  pedicels  from  the  main  stem  in  subopposite  pairs.  Stems,  branches, 
and  pedicels  exceedingly  long  and  slender,  with  the  annulations  confined  to  the  proximal  portions, 
except  a  few  just  below  the  hydrothecse.  Hydrothecse  very  large,  deeply  campanulate,.with  12  to  14 
exceedingly  sharp,  slender  teeth,  more  acuminate  than  hrany  other  species  in  the  region.  Hydranth 
with  about  28  tentacles. 

i'. — Unknown. 

. — The  type  specimen  was  found  on  the  piles  of  the  U.  S.  F..C.  dock  at  Woods  Hole. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  distinct  and  beautiful  of  the  American  campanularians. 
Named  for  of  Mr.-Vinal  Kd  wards,  the  veteran  collector  at  the  U.  S.  F.  C.  station  at  Woods  Hole. 


'27.   {'"iniinii/ilaria  mniiita  Nutting: 
A.  ami  U.  Hydrutheca;  (enlarged). 


28.  Cam  fin  nturiti  rttirnrrl*!  Nutting.    A.  Colony,  natural  si£c. 


Oampanularia  neglecta  (Alder.).     Fig.  2& 
1  North,  and  Durham  Cat.  in  Trans.  Tyneside  Field-Club,  p.  123.) 

'.—  Colony  branching,  main  stem  flexuose,  giving  off  alternate  pedicels  which  are  long, 
slender,  and  annulated  at  the  ends.  Hydrotheoe  deeply  campanulate,  almost  tubular,  with  their 
margins  armed  with  8  to  10  teeth  which  are  bimucronate;  that  is,  the  summit  of  each  tooth  is  crowned 
with  two  minute  denticles. 

Gonosome. — Gonangia  borne  in  the  axils  of  the  pedicels,  oblong  ovate,  smooth,  somewhat  truncated 
above.  The  mature  gonangium  often  has  a  globular  acrocyst  on  its  summit. 

Distribution.— la  shallow  water,  on  stones,  shells,  and  other  hydroids.  Reported  by  Professor 
Verrill  from  Casco  Bay,  Maine.  I  find  it  in  my  notes  as  occurring  at  Woods  Hole,  but  fail  to  find 
specimens.  The  figure  is  from  a  British  specimen. 


HVDRO1DS 


TUI-:    u'u<>us    tuu.K    ui-:»;i"\ 


Campanularia  verticillata  (Linn.)     Fig.  :>0. 

i  a  I'ti'/Hi-iit  n'rtieillnln  Linn..  ?}Nt.  Nat.,  p;  1310.)' 

Ti-<>iili'i*iiitii'. — Colony  branched,  attaining  a  height  of  about  5  inches.  Stem  ami  branches  fascicled, 
composed  of  many  parallel  tubes  from  which  the  pedicels  arise  in  a  verticillate  manner.  Hydrothecse 
large,  rather  broadly  campanulate,  with  about  12  deeply  cut  acuminate  teeth. 


29.  C<iinii<iiit'!u/'<<t  i)fj!"-ta  (Alder).  30.  Caiujxiniilai-ia  rcrticillata  (Linn!).  31.  Campanularia  amphora.  (Ag .). 

(iiinoxonif. — Gonangia  borne  on  the  main  stem  and  branches,  oblong  flask-shaped,  with  nefcka 
produced  into  tubular  extensions  with  terminal  openings. 

Distribution. — Found  in  rather  deep  water  attached  to  stones,  shells,  etc.,  Block  Island  Round,  17 
to/  45  fathoms;  Fisher  Island  Sound,  4  to  11  fathoms. 
(Ten-ill.) 

Campanularia  amphora  (Ag. ).     Fig.  31. 
'  Limmnlin  amphora.  Ag.,  Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  U.  S.,  iv,  p. 311.) 

Trophomme. — Colony  attaining  a  height  of  6  to 
7  inches,  branching  in  a  subverticillate  manner;  the 
branches  incline  upward  more  than  in  Obelia  comims- 
suratix,  which  it  greatly  resembles.  "But  the  moist 
marked  difference  is  in  the  middle  of  each  internode, 
where'it  bulges  laterally  and  directly  in  line  with  the 
point  of  insertion  of  the  branch  or  pedicel  below  it." 
(Li,  Agassiz.)  Pedicels  annulated.  Hydrothecse  deeply 
campanulate,  very  gracefully  formed,  aperture  entire, 
margin  slightly  everted.  Hydranth  with  about  30 
tentacles. 

Oonotome. — Female  gonangia  elongate  oval,  about 
four  times  as  longas  the  hydrotheca,  somewhat  truncate 
at  top,  and  with  a  very  small  aperture.  Male  gonangia 
more  slender,  with  a  slightly  produced  neck. 

nixtrilmtion. — Common   in  shallow  water  in  the 
Woofts  Hole  region.     This  specifes  is  apt  to  be  mistaken  for  Obelia  commisguralw  when  the  gonosome 
is  absent. 

Campanularia  angulata  Hincks.     Fig.  32. 
1  (Annals  and  Magazine  of  Nat.  Hist,'; 3d  series,  vm,  p.  2C1.) 

fmphonome. — Colony  slightly  branched,  attaining"  a  height  of  about  three-fourths  inch.     Stem 
genitulate,  with  long  internodes,  annnlotcd  above  t.Hi»  origin  of  each  pedicel.     Pedicels  long,  usually 


32.  Campanulafia  angulata  Kincks. 
A.  Hydrotheca  rtnd  pedicel  (enlarged). 


848 


Hl'l.I.KTlN     !>K    THK     UNITKI)    STATKS     FISH    COMMISSION. 


annulated  throughout.  Hydrothecse  rather  deeply  campanulate,  aperlure  entire,  llvilrantli  with 
about  24  very  slender  tentacles. 

(.JoiiDHonn'. — (ionangia  borne  on  the  rootstock,  irregularly  ovate,  ob.-ruivly  wrinkled,  neck  short 
and  broad. 

Dixlriliiitiun. — f  have  several  fragmentary  specimens  from  Woods  Hole  region  that  agree  very 
closely  with  Mincks's  figures.  Comparing  these,  however,  with  some  of  the  terminal  branches  of 
('.  iimjilior/i,  I  find  them  to  agree  closely  witli  these  also.  Verrill  reports  the  species  from  Casco  Bay. 
I  do  not  know  whether  his  material  embraced  the  gonosome  or  not. 

Campanularia  calceolifera  llincks.     Fig.  33. 

(Annals  mid  MiiKii/.iiirni'  Xui.  Hist.,  Illi  series.  vol.  vill.  p.  7S.) 

Trophngtiine. — Colony  usually  consisting  of  a  single  slightly  flexuose  stem,  but  sometimes  it  gives 
off  long  branches  similar  in  every  way  to  the  main  stem,  which  sends  off  alternate  pedicels  of  varying 
length,  but  usually  fully  annulated  and  considerably 
shorter  than  the  hydrothecie.      Hydrothecii1  without 
teeth,  deeply  campanulate,  and  with  gracefully  everted 
margins. 

(ioHOKomf. — Gonangia  of  peculiar  shape,  taper- 
ing basally,  with  latero-tcrminal  aperture  from  which 
a  short,  curved  tube  projects  into  the  gnmingial 
cavity. 

IHxtrllnitliiii. — In  shallow  water  on  stones,  sea- 
weed, submerged  timbers,  etc.  Noank,  Conn.,  on 


33.  Oliiiiiniiiilnriii  nilmilifcra  Hincks. 


34.  Camiianulariaflemom  Hincks. 

A.  Gonangium  with  escaping  Phmuln. 


bottom  of  boat  (Clarke).     Woods  Hole,  on  piles  of  U.  S.  Fish  Commission's  dock. 

This  beautiful  species  can  be  immediately  identified  when  sexually  mature.  Otherwise  the  best 
character  is  the  elegant  shape  of  the  hydrothecw. 

Campanularia  fiexuosa  (Hincks).     Fig.  34. 
(Annals  and  Magazine  of  Nat.  Hist.,  3d  series,  vol.  vm,  p.  260.    Under  name  of  Laomtdia  fiexuosa.) 

Trophosome. — Colony  usually  in  the  form  of  a  single  flexuose  stem  giving  off  a  series  of  regularly 
alternating  pedicels.  Stem  with  three  or  four  well-marked  annulations  above  the  origin  of  each  pedicel; 
pedicels  apparently  continuous  with  the  internodes  from  which  they  spring,  and  with  which  they  curve 
continuously,  rather  large,  completely  annulated  and  diminishing  gradually  in  size  toward  the  distal 
end.  Hydrothecse  campanulate,  not  very  deep,  with  even  rims.  Hydranths  with  a  web  between  the 
bases  of  the  tentacles. 


HYDROID^    OF    THE    WOODS    HOLK    KKGHXY. 


349 


(,'itiiiisniii,: — Female  gonangia  very  large  and  abrupt ly  tiuticated  above;  male  gonangia  much 
smaller  and  more  oval,  but  with  no  neck;  sexual  products  forming  planuhe  before  leaving gonangia. 

Disli'iliiilinii. — Very  abundant  on  floating  seaweed,  and  rock*  and  timbers  in  shallow  water.  One  of 
the  most  abundant  species  at  Woods  Hole. 

OBELIA. 

TrnpJioxniiie. — Colony  branched,  stem  simple  or  fascicled.  IIydrothec;e  campanulate,  margin 
even,  or  toothed. 

ilniitiMiiiii: — Gonangia  borne  in  axils  of  pedicels,  usually  oblong  ovate,  with  terminal  aperture 
usually  surrounded  with  a  collar  or  short  neck.  Mrdus;c  with  disk-shaped  umbrella,  4  radial  canals, 
more  than  8  marginal  tentacles,  8  lithocysta  borne  on  bases  of  tentacles,  and  a  short  manubrium 
without  mouth  tentacles. 

It  is  apparently  impossible  to  define  this  genus  so  that  it  can  be  distinguished  from 
by  the  trophosome  alone. 


35.  Obeliajlabe/lata  Hincks. 


36.  Olelia  commissuralie  McCr. 


Key  to  the  species  of  Obelia  found  in  the  Woods  Hole  region. 

(A  very  careful  manipulation  of  the  microscope  is  often  necessary  before  the  characters  of  the 
hydrothecal  margin  can  be  definitely  determined. ) 

A.  Hydrothecal  margin  entire.    Stem  not  fascicled. 

a.  Colony  a  long  central  stem,  giving  off  subverticillate  branches  which  are  themselves  palmately  branched. 

b.    Hydrothecse  triangular.    Pedicels  usually  with  more  than  6  annulations 0.  fabeUata. 

b'.  Hydrothecse  deeper,  subtriangular.    Pedicels  often  with  more  than  6  annulations 0,  commiwuraJis, 

a'.  Colony  irregularly  branched;  branches  erect,  often  themselves  branched.    Hydrothecse  large,  very 

deeply  campanulate 0.  dichotoma. 

a".  Colony  usually  consisting  of  a  single  geniculate  stem,  giving  off  alternate  pedicels  which  are  sup- 
ported on  broad  shoulders  of  the  internodes  from  which  they  spring O.  geniculata. 

A'.  Hydrothecal  margin  toothed.    Stem  fascicled. 
a.  Teeth  bimucronate,  or  castellated. 

6.    Hydrothecse  triangular,  without  vertical  lines 0.  gelatinosa. 

b'.  Hydrothecee  deep,  ornamented  with  vertical  lines. 

c.    Hydrothecse  deeply  tubular.    Pedicels  with  6  to  15  annulations 0.  bicuspidata. 

c'.  Hydrothecse  shorter.    Pedicels  with  3  to  6  annulations 0.  bidentata. 

a'.  Teeth  forming  a  series  of  exceedingly  shallow  undulations  around  the  hydrothecal  margin 0.  longissima- 


350 


BtTI.I,FTIN    OF    THK    1TNTITED    STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 


Obelia  fiabellata  (Hinrks).     Fig.  :::>. 

iiaiiiilnrMjIiilitllitta  Ilincks..  Ann.  mid  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  3.1  MTJI-S.  M)l.  .win.  p.  L>'.i7.  i 

i'. — Colony  8  to  10  inches  high,  consisting  of  a  central  geniculate  stem,  giving  'forth 
branches  which  themselves  branch  in  a  tlabellate  manner;  stem  not  fascicled,  annulated  above  the 
origins  of  the  branches.  Pedicels  borne  on  rather  short  processes  or  shoulders  of  the  branches, 
distinctly  annulated,  short.  Hydrotheca1  triangular  in  outline,  margin  entire. 

(;niKH«ime. — Gonangia  borne  in  axils  of  pedicels,  oblong  ovate,  with  a  terminal  collar  and  large 
round  aperture.  Medusa'  not  described,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain. 

Dixtribatiriii. — Found  in  rocky  tide  pools  (Hincks).  Off  Thimble  Island,  4  to  5  fathoms.  Woods 
Hole,  in  the  passage  (Yen-ill). 

Obelia  cornmissuralis  McCr.     Fig.  :!i>. 
I  I'rocw.linirs  Klliolt  Sor..  vol.  i.  No.  1,  p.  197.) 

Ti'H/'liox'iiiK'. — Colony  attaining  a  height  of  <>  to  8  inches,  consisting  of  a  central  geniculate  stem 
giving  off  branches  as  in  <>.  t/iilu'l/n/n.  Pedicels  not  borne  on  distinct  shoulders  of  the  branches, 
distinctly  annulated.  1  tydrotlicr.-i'  cumpamilatc.  often  snbtriangular,  but  considerably  deeper  than 
in  <>.  tloliflMii. 


37.  Obelia  ilirholoma  (Linn.). 


3X.  Obeliaffeniculata  (Linn.). 
A.  Medusa. 


39.  Obelia gekttiuota  (Pallas). 

A.  Portion  of  fascicled  stem  (enlarged), 


(iviiofome. — Gonangia  much  as  in  the  last  species,  but  larger  and  less  distinctly  ovoid.  Medusae 
at  literation  with  1(1  marginal  tentacles. 

Distribution. — Growing  profusely  on  docks  and  floating  timbers.  Abundant  all  along  the  New 
England  coast. 

The  branching  is  exceedingly  elegant  and  delicate,  forming  feathery  verticillate  tracery  around 
the  slender  central  stem. 

Obelia  dichotoma  (Linn.).     Fig.  37. 
(Scrtularia  rlichotoma  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  p.  1312.) 

Ti-ophosome. — Colony  branching  irregularly,  the  branches  tending  to  assume  an  erect  posture, 
not  subverticillate.  Pedicels  short,  usually  with  4  to  6  annulations,  but  sometimes  with  many. 
Hydrotheoe  large,  deeply  campanulate,  with  straight  sides  and  no  teeth. 

Gonosome. — Gonangia  long,  slender,  widening  toward  distal  end,  and  terminating  in  a  beveled 
collar.  Medusae  at  liberation  with  16  marginal  tentacles. 

Distribution. — Rather  shallow  water.     Off  Gay  Head,  8  to  10  fathoms.     (Verrill.) 

I  suspect  that  this  is  the  same  species  as  Eucope  pyriformis  A.  Ag.,  but,  not  having  seen  his  types, 
I  can  not  be  certain. 


HYDKOIDS    OF   THE    WOODS    HOLE    REGION. 


351 


Obelia  geniculata  (Linn.  ).  =  A'mv>yje  diaphana  L.  Ag.  (in  part  ).=.Eucope  alternate  A.  Ag.     Fig.  38. 

(Sertularia  geniculata  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  p.  1312.) 

'rm/ihoKimii', — Colony  usually  consisting  of  a  single  geniculate  stem  bearing  alternate  pedicels  on 
broad  shoulder-like  processes.  Pedicels  short,  usually  with  4  to  6  annulations.  Hydrothecte  short, 
campanulate  or  subtriangular. 

llonosoine. — Gonangia  long,  tapering  gradually  to  basal  end  and  terminating  in  a  collar  which  is 
beveled  and  convex  on  its  surface.  Medusa;  at  liberation  disk-shaped,  with  24  marginal  tentacles. 

Dixtriliiitifiii. — Growing  profusely  on  docks,  floating  seaweed,  etc.  One  of  the  commonest  species 
in  the  Woods  Hole  region. 

Obelia  gelatinosa  (Pallas).  =  Lumnnlw  g-igantea  A.  Ag.  (ti'xte  Verrill).     Fig.  39. 
(Sertutaria  yelatiuosa  Pallas,  Elenchus  Zoophytorum,  p.  11C.) 

Troptiosome. — Colony  sometimes  attaining  a  height  of  15  to  20  inches,  profusely  branched  in  a 
dendritic  manner.     Stem  fascicled,  with  geniculate  branches.     Pedicels  usually  quite  short,  with  3  to  5. 
annulations.    Hydrotheae  small,  campanulate  or  sub- 
triangular;  margins  armed  with  castellated  or  bimu- 
cronate  teeth. 

Gonoaome. — Gonangia  rather  small,  ovate,  with 
collared  aperture.  Medusas  with  16  tentacles  at  time 
of  liberation  (Hincks). 

Distribution.  — Shallow  water,  of  ten  bet  weei  1 1  i  d  ( >w , 
attached  to  timbers,  etc.  New  Haven.  Rhode  Island 
coast.  Vineyard  Sound. 

Obelia  bicuspidata  Clark.     Fig.  40. 
(Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  of  Sci.,  ill,  p.  58. ) 

Trophosomr. — Colony  attaining  a  height  of 
about  33  inches.  Stem  fascicled,  straight,  irregu- 
larly branched.  Pedicels  longer  than  in  the  next 
species,  and  with  10  to  15  annulations.  Hydrothecae 
very  deep,  tubular,  -their  margins  armed  with  bimu- 
cronate  teeth,  between  which  lines  originate  which 
pass  down  the  surface  of  the  hydrotheca:. 

Gonoxome. — Unknown. 

Diitril>iiti<M.—¥owd  at  a  depth  of  3  to  5  fathoms,  from  reefs  near  Thimble  Island.  Near  Woods 
Hole,  19  fathoms. 

Obelia  longissima  (Pallas)..    Fig.  41. 
(fSertularia  hmgiiasiina  Pallas,  Elenchus  Zoophytorum,  p.  119.) 

Tmjilioxoiiie.—  Colony  attaining  a  height  of  12  to  14  inches.  Main  stem  fascicled,  flexuose,  giving 
off  branches,  which  themselves  branch  in  a  palmate  manner,  the  whole  thus  being  subverticillate  in 
effect.  Pedicels  of  varying  length,  usually  extensively  annulated.  Hydrotherae  rather  deep,  cam- 
panulate, the  margins  appearing  at  first  sight  to  be  without  teeth,  but  upon  careful  examination 
proving  to  be  armed  with  very  shallow,  regularly  undulating  teeth. 

Gonosfime. — Gonangia  ovate,  with  collared  apertures.  Medusa;  at  the  time  of  liberation  with  20 
to  24  tentacles  (Hincks). 

Distribution.—  Woods  Hole.  Off  Gay  Head.  Dredged  by  the  Fish  Hawk  at  station  7051,  about  40 
miles  southeast  of  No  Mans  Land ;  depth,  3  fathoms. 

As  described  by  Hincks,  this  species  has  not  a  fascicled  stem.  Authentic  specimens  from  England, 
however,  have  distinctly  fascicled  stems,  and  agree  well  with  American  specimens. 

Obelia  bidentata  Clark. 
(Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  of  Sci.,  m.  p.  58.)  , 

Trophosome. — Like  that  of  (>.  bizcuspidata,  except  that  it  attains  a  larger  size,  has  shorter  pedicels, 
with  4  to  .6  annulations,  and  proportionately  wider  hydrotheca?. 


40.  Obelia  bicuspidata 
Clark. 


41.  Obelia  Ivngissimn  Pallas. 
A.  Outline  of    ap  orture   of 
hydrotheca. 


352 


BULLETIN    OF    THK    ITNITKI)    STATF-S    FISH    COMMISSION. 


e. — Unknown. 

it. — On  piles,  Greenport,  Rhode  Island. 
I  have  a  specimen  that  to  a  certain  extent  intergradcv  between  this  species  ami  the  preceding, 
and  therefore  suspect  that  the  two  species  may  be  identical. 

(iOXOTHYRjEA. 

Trii/'liimiiiit'.—  Stem  not  fascicled,  branched.     Hydrothecse  campanulate,  with  toothed  margins. 

OtmOfOme. — The  gonaugia  producfcto  fixed,  medusil'on.i    sporosacs  with  apical  filiform  tentacles. 
The  spornsacs,  \\lien   nearly  mature,  pass  out  of  the 
gonangiiim  and  remain  attached   to  its  top  until  the 
spermato/oa  or  planulie  are  discharged. 

Gonothyrsea  loveni  Alhnan.     Fig.  42. 

(Ann.  mid  Mas;,  of  Xat.  Hist.,  3d  scries,  vol.  13,  p.  374.) 


ie.  —  Stem  irregularly  branched,  attain- 
ing a  height  of  one-half  to  three-fourths  inch,  slightly 
flexuose,  annnlated  above  origins  of  pedicels.  Pedi- 
cels short,  with  2  to  5  annulations.  Hydrothec.-e 
deeply  campanula!?,  gracefully  tapering  toward  base> 
very  thin  and  transparent  aronnd  margin,  which  is 
quite  variable  in  its  dentition,  the  typical  teeth  being 
turreted  and  squared  at  the  ends. 

Gotuisumi'.  —  (ionangia  large,  long,  obconic,  borne 
in  the  axils  of  the  pedicels,  each  bearing,  when  ma- 
ture, :>  to  5  sporosaes  or  modified  medusa1  on  its  sum- 
mit. The  sporosacs  are  attached  to  the  top  of  the 
gonangium  by  short  pedicels,  and  have  at  their  upper 
end  acirclet  of  short  tentacles.  They  discharge  their 
contents  before  becoming  free. 

I>irti-ilinti(iii.  —  On  shells,  stones,  etc.,  in  shallow- 
water.  Dr.  II.  C.  Bumpus  sent  the  writer  some  beau- 
tiful specimens  from  the  coast  of  Rhode  Island. 

Goi><>tliiii-:m  ifnuix  Clark,  fig.  43,  is  reported  from  New  Haven.  There  is  no  point  either  in  the 
original  description  or  in  the  figure  published  by  Dr.  Clark  that  enables  me  to  separate  this  species 
from  typical  specimens  of  <:.  lnn-ni  from  England.  Professor  Yen-ill  says  of  this  species:  "Closely 
allied  to  (1.  lumii,  but  has  narrow,  elongated,  obconic  gonotheca;."  As  these  terms  are  precisely  appli- 
cable to  the  gonangia  of  (j.  loveni,  I  can  not  perceive  any  basis  for  considering  (.!.  li'unix  a  good  species. 

GonotJiynra  Injalina  Hincks  is  also  reported  by  Professor  Verrill  as  occurring  off  Watch  Hill, 
Rhode  Island.  The  writer,  while  at  Plymouth,  England,  found  completely  intergrading  specimens 
between  this  species  and  <  S.  lun-ni. 

HEBELLA  (modified). 


4^.  (iiiiiofhiflT:i'it  J 


.  <;<nxiUii/r;fit  tcn/ii*  Clark- 


iiiiii:  —  Pedicels  arising  from  a  creeping  rootstock.  llvdrothecic  tubular,  with  entire 
margins  and  without  opercute.  Ilydrothecal  cavity  separate'!  from  that  of  the  pedicel  by  a  partial 
septum.  1  1  yd  ran  th  with  a  conical  proboscis. 

(,'tiiiiisniiir.  —  (ionangia  producing  t'r.:'e  medus.'e. 

The  genns  as  here  defined  would  include  several  species  which  most  authors  place  in   the  genus 


Kei/  in  s/ierii'x  <>f  Hi'lirllii  fimiiil  in  tin1  \}'iuiijs  lln'.i'  ri'i/iini. 

issiiitlly  in  pnirs.  ilnulily  curved.     Species  ulini'-t  always  nar.-isitic  on  »  ('//'/-ic/'a  <•<>,-  u'fniti  .....  II.  ralcatata. 
HydrotlH'Cit  irregularly  distribuled.  small,  nut  douMy  curvc'l.    Sprric<  p:'.r:i-itie  mi  \iirious  hydrnids  ......  //.  vj'/'"/'  "(. 


HVDKUIDS    OF    THK     U'UOI^    HO1.K    KKUtoX. 


Hebella  calcarata  (A.  Ag. ).     Fig.  5ii. 

(iMj'u-n  mli'iimltt  A.  \f..  North  Anierieun  Aealepliie.  p.  1±!.) 

Tm/ihosome. — Colony  parasitic,  almost  always  on  ,S'.rMA,v/</  oormctno,  where  il  assumes  a  sym- 
metrical mode  of  growth,  the' main  stem  growing  straight  up  the  front  of  the  host  and  giving  forth  a 
pair  of  hydrothecie  immediately  above  each  pair  of  the  sertularian  hydrothecie.  Pedicels  very  short 
and  slender.  Hydrothecie  large,  curved  outward,  backward  and  upward;  margin  circular,  entire. 
Hydranth  with  a  conical  hypostnme  am!  about  16  tentacles. 

diiiiumiiii'. — (ionangia  very  large,  borne  on  pedicels  between  the  pairs  of  hydrothecse.  Medusc 
at  liirth  deeply  campanulate,  with  two  long  marginal  tentacles,  and  others  in  course  of  development; 
4  radial  canals  and  yellow-spotted  proboscis. 

Dixh'iliiitidii. — Found  attached  to  '/jmli'm  at  \Voods  Hole  by  Mr.  Walmsley.  Vineyard  Sound, 
1  to  8  fathoms  (Verrill). 

This  species  was  originally  described  by  McCrady  aa  a  part  of  the  sertularian  OH  which  it  grows 

Hebella  pygmaea  (Alder)  MS.     Fig.  44. 

(See  British  Hydroid  Zoophytes,  p.  -J05.) 

Trophotome, — Pedicels  springing  direct  from  a  simple  creeping  rootstoek,  very 
short,  annulated.  Hydrothecie  minute,  cylindrical,  deep;  aperture  smooth,  sometimes 
somewhat  oblique,  as  in  figure. 

Ghmotonte. — Unknown. 

l>ixli-iliiiti/>ii. — Found  on  a  polyxoon  off  Nant  ticket;  Sankety  Light  east  by  south, 
24  fathoms;  depth,  24  fathoms.  (Vinal  I'M wards.)  44.  iirbel/n  pyg- 

This  minute  species  is  identified  with  considerable  doubt.  m*a  (Alder). 

J'-     «'  '  T 

CAMPANULINIDiE  (modilied). 

omi'. — Colonies  branched  or  unbranched.     Hydrothecre  borne  on  pedicels,  tubular,  ending 
in  an  operculum  composed  of  converging  segments.     Hydranths  with  a  conical  proboscis. 
tiniiiixdiiu'. — Gonangia  producing  planulsp,  or  free  medns,-e. 
This  family  is  here  modified  to  include  the 
genera  Loreiiellu  and  Cnlijivlln,  the  former  having 
heretofore  been  placed  in  the  Crimpanularid.r.  and 
the  latter  in  the  Lafaid.r.     Both  agree  with  the 
genus  ('(impinin/iiHi  in  having  hydrothecse  with  a 
segmented  operculum  and  hydranths  with  a  conical  . 
proboscis. 

Key  to  rjenem  of  I  'niiipiinnliii  '«>;<'  nf  ]Vuin!  IMe.  region. 

A.   Colony  usually  branched. 

a.  Hydrotheeffi  large, subcylindricnl,  with 

a  \rell-detined  sinuous  margin 

at  base  of  segmented  operculum iMrctniln- 

a'.  Hydrothecie  much  smaller,  ovate  in 

outline,  the  margin  passing  in 

sensibly  into  the  segments  of 

operculum CalijrcUu 

A'.  Colony  not  regularly  branchcfl.    Hydro- 

theciu  not  wssile  tubuliir.  often 

with  reduplicated  miirgins Oiirmtliirrlla- 

A".  Colony  not  branched.    Hydrothec*  sessile, 

tubular Cn»iii<lrlln- 

LOVENELLA. 

Ti-o/ihomme.— Colony  branched.  Hydrothecie 
deep,  with  a  distinct  sinuous  margin  crowned  with 
operculum  composed  of  several  triangular  segments 
which  form  a  pointed  covering  to  hydrotheca. 

f ;<„,„.„,„„.— Gonangia  borne  on  the  stems  and  producing  free.  Mi-shaped  medusjp.  with  S  tenta- 
cles in  two  sets,  and  4  lithocysts. 

F.  C.  B.  1899- » 


354 


BULLETIN    OF   THE    UNITED   STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 


Lovenella  grandis,  new  species.     Fig.  45. 

TrophoKome. — Stem  simple,  giving  off  regularly  alternating,  short,  annulated  pedicel?,  one  from 
each  internode.  Hydrothecic  very  large,  cylindrical;  margin  with  10  regular  sinuations  from  which 
arise  the  10  sharply  pointed  segments  of  the  operculum.  Hydranths  large,  with  a  conical  proboscis 
which  becomes  dome-shaped  on  retraction,  and  about  16  rather  rigid  tentacles. 

t, '•,,/, i.i/i, ix'. — Not  known. 

IHxtrilivtiiiii. — Dredged  from  Newport  Harbor,  off  Castle  Hill. 

This  beautiful  species  was  given  me  for  description  by  Mrs.  Virginia  Barrett  Gibbs,  of  Newport. 

OPEBCDLABELLA. 

Trnfthnanrnf. — Stem  annulated  throughout,  Hydrotheea?  ovate  in  outline,  the  margin  not  distinct, 
the  segments  of  the  operculum  appearing  to  be  very  thin  and  greatly  elongated  marginal  teeth  which 
converge /o  form  the  operculum. 

tiiiiiosiii/it'. — The  mature  gonangia  bear  acrocysts. 

Keij  in  n/n'fi,'.i  nf  Opercutareila  found  in  the  W/iuiI.t  Jlu/e  region. 

Hydrotheca;  larger,  with  more  deeply  cleft  segments  of  the  opercula 0.  laceraia. 

Hydrotheeoj  smaller,  with  less  deeply  ck'ft  segments  of  (he  opercula O.pumUa. 


•in.  <>i» ri'iilnrflln  liien-ntn  Hineks. 


IT.  f'nii/iTllii  syringa  (Linn.).    A.  Hydrotheea  (enlarged). 


Opercularella  lacerata  Hineks.     Fig.  46. 
(British  Hydroid  Zoophytes,  p.  194.) 

Trophoiomf. — Stem  annulated  throughout,  sparsely  branched,  or  unbranched.  Hydrothecse  with 
short  pedicels,  oblong  ovate  in  outline;  opercular  segments  8  to  10,  very  long  and  slender,  somewhat 
curved.  Hydranth  with  conical  proboscis  and  about  16  tentacles. 

Gonomme. — Gonangia  large,  ovate,  borne  on  ringed  pedicels,  and,  when  mature,  bearing  globular 
acrocysts  on  their  summits. 

Distribution. — New  Haven,  Conn.,  on  piles  of  Long  Wharf.     (Clark.) 

Opercularella  pumila  Clark. 
(Trans.  Conn.  Acad.,  vol.  in,  p.  61.) 

Like  0.  1/icerata,  but  with  smaller  hydrothecfe,  and  less  deeply  cleft  segments  of  the  operculum. 

In  comparing  Dr.  Clark's  description  and  figure  with  sketches  of  0.  lacerata  made  by  myself  in 
England  I  have  serious  doubts  as  to  the  validity  of  the  former  species,  but  consider  it  best  to  let  it 
stand  here,  as  I  have  not  seen  the  type  specimens. 


iivi)i:<Tii>-    OB  TIM:   \voons  HOLE  RICO  [ON.  355 

CALYCELLA. 

i'. — Stem  n  ('reeling  root-stock  parasitic  on  other  species  of  hydroids,  polyzoons,  etc., 
sending  forth  short  annulated  pedicels  bearing  tubular  hyln>tlier;e  with  distinct,  segmented  opercula, 
flonoxonii: — (ii.MuiMj.tia  oval,  borne  on  the  root-stock,  and,  when  mature,  bearing  globular  acrocysts. 

Calycella  syringa  (Linn.).     Fig.  47. 
(Sertiil'trit  xi/rinifii  I, inn.,  SyM.  Xat.,  p.  1311.) 

Tro/ihofiniii'.  —  Pedicels  shorter  than  hydrothecse,  very  deeply  annulated.  Hydrothecse  tubular, 
with  thick  horn -colored  walls  and  slightly  sinuated  margins;  opercular  segments  rather  short,  triangular, 
and  capable  of  being  drawn  into  the  hydrotheca  when  the  hydranth  is  retracted.  There  is  often  a  sort 
of  an  addition  or  tubular  extension  beyond  the  end  of  the  hydrotheca,  with  a  distinct  margin  bearing 
the  opercular  segments. 

(liiiitisoini'. — (ionangia  oval,  borne  on  short  annulated  pedicels  and,  when  mature,  with  globular 
acrocysts. 

Dixlrilmtiini. — Found  abundantly  in  the  Woods  Hole  region,  growing  over  all  sorts  of  plant-like 
marine  organisms,  especially  other  hydroids. 

CUSPIDELLA. 

Trophttixnne. — Hydrotheca?  sessile  with  a  conical  operculum.    Hydranths  with  a  conical  hypostorne. 
(liinnsdiiie. — Not  known. 

Cuspidella  costata  Ilineks. 

(British  Hydrnid  Zoophytes,  p.  210.) 

Troidioxoiite. — Ilydrotheere  perfectly  cylindrical  and  sessile,  encircled  with  usually  three  sharply 
defined  annulations  dividing  the  hydrotheca  externally  into  four  zones;  operculum  composed  of 
numerous  segments,  the  distal  ends  of  which  can  be  retracted  within  the  hydrotheca. 

Qtmotome. — Unknown. 

Distribution. — Reported  by  Professor  Verril!  from  Fisher  Island  Sound,  9  to  11  fathoms. 

This  species  is  identified  with  doubt  by  Verrill. 

LAFCEIDjE  (modified). 

The  modification  consists  of  the  removal  of  the  small  monosiphonic  species,  such  as  Lafcea 
pocillum,  which  I  have  placed  in  Allman's  genus  Helidlu,  and  the  genus  Cnlycetta,  which  I  have  placed 
in  the  family  ('ampniiii/iiiid.r. 

Trnphosome. — Stem  fascicled.  Hydrothecse  tubular,  without  a  partial  septum  dividing  the 
hydrotheca]  cavity  from  that  of  the  pedicel;  margin  without  teeth  or  opercula.  Hydranths  with  a 
conical  proboscis. 

(roiiosotiti: — Gonangia  found  in  compact  masses  incrusting  the  fascicled  stem,  oblong,  each  female 
gonangium  containing  a  single  ovum.  The  gonosome  of  fjafcen  was  long  regarded  as  a  distinct 
hydroid  organism  under  the  name  Cup/tlnin  n,-r/,i.> 

LAFCEA. 

This  being  the  only  genus  of  /,«/i/  /«/,r  found  on  the  New  England  coast,  it  can  be  identified  by  the 
family  characters  as  given  above. 

Kl'jl  In  t/ii'xiH'fii'x  i  if  Ldfii'il  full  ml  in  tin'    ]\'oodit  Hull'  nyioil. 

ttydrothecse  short,  almost  scssik1 L.  fhiu/"vn. 

Hydrothi-ca-  sk-nder,  with  distinct  podicels  which  are  waved  or  twisted /,.  tirai'ilHinn. 

Lafoea  dumosa  Fleiri'ig.     Fig.  48. 

H'hil.  .Tonrn.,  n,  p.  83.) 

Trophosotne, — Stem  simple,  in  the  form  of  a  creeping  root-stock,  or  compound  and  erect.  Hydro- 
thecit  strong,  large,  tubular,  with  short,  sometimes  hardly  evident,  pedicels. 

1  Srr  New  Hydroids  from  Alaska  i\ud  Puget  .Sound,  C.  0.  Nutting.    I'roc.  U.  s.  N.  M.,  vol.  xxi,  p.  747. 


356 


BULLETIN    OF   THE   UNITED   STATES   FISH   COMMISSION. 


Qonowme. — <  lonangia  in  musses,  im-rusting  the  fascicled  stem,  so  closely  crowded  as  to  be  pressed 
together,  tubular  or  oblong  oval  with  short  bottle-shaped  necks.     Both  sexes  found  in  the  same  colony. 
tiuii. — Found  growing  on  other  hydroids  on  Nantucket  Shoals.     (Verrill.) 

Lafoea  gracillima  (Alder.)     Fig.  49. 
i :  tnfonularta  graeOKma,  <';it.  /,<">i>]i.  Xorthumb.  mid  Durluim,  p. 39.) 

f. — Stem  erect,  fascicled,  often  irregularly  branched.  Pedicels  slender,  sinuous  or 
apparently  twisted.  Hydrotheoe  very  slender,  delicate  in  texture,  often  slightly  curved. 

< iiiiii'snini'. — Much  like  that  of  L.  tltn»<>.*i<,  and  heretofore  known  as  Coppin'm  <n-r/n. 

l>ixtii!liiit!ti)i. — Reported  from  the  Xew  England  coast  by  Professor  Verrill.  Although  not 
specifically  reported  from  the  \Vonds  Hole  region,  it  doubtless  occurs  there,  as  its  distribution  is  much 
like  that  of  L.  dmnoxii. 


48.  Lafrea  ihtmosa  (Fleming).  49.  Laftea  graciUima  (Alder). 

HALECID^E. 

Trophosome. — Hydrothecae  alternate,  reduced  to  the  form  of  saucer-shaped  hydrophores,  usually 
Itorne  on  tubular  pedicels;  margins  even,  often  reduplicated  several  times,  and  surrounded  by  a  circlet 
of  bright,  bead-like  dote.  Hydranths  large,  with  conical  proboscis,  not  capable  of  retracting  within 
the  hydrophores. 

Gonosome. — Gonangia  producing  planulse,  and  usually  different  in  the  two  sexes,  that  of  the 
female  often  being  surmounted  by  a  pair  of  hydranths. 

HALECIUM. 
The  single  genus  can  be  identified  by  the  characters  given  above. 

A'/-//  to  species  of  Halccium  found  in  the  Woods  Hole  rrrjinn. 

A.  Hydrophores  borne  on  distinct  pedicels. 
«.   Stein  fascicled. 

b.     Colony  flubellate  in  form;  aperture  of  female  gonangium  terminal,  but  not  ^central.    Pedicels 

short H.  hatecinum. 

b'.   Colony  dendritic  in  form.    Female  gonangia  with  round  lateral  apertures.    Pedicels  short H.  beani. 

b".  Colony  with  slender  branches.    Female  gonangia  as  in  H.  Italccinum,  but  with  the  end  emargi- 

nate ff.  gractte. 

a'.  Stem  not  fascicled,  irregularly  branched,  annulated II.  tenellum, 

A'.  Hydrophores  sessile,  borne  directly  on  broadened  shoulder  of  internodes  of  stem H.  artifulosum. 


HYDKOIDS    (>F    THE    V>"OODS    HOLY.    REGION. 


357 


Halecium  halecinum  (Linn.).    Fig.  50. 
(Sfftulai'ia  hull-etna  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  p.  l:i08.  ) 

e.  —  Colony  attaining  a  height  of  6  to  10  inches,  erect,  rigid;  stein  fascicled,  pinnately 
branched,  internodes  short.  Hydrophores  on  lung  trumpet-shaped  pedicels,  margins  frequently 
reduplicated. 

(I'liiiiixniiii:  —  Female  gonangiu  in  rows  on  upper  side  of  branches,  obconic  in  outline,  with  the 
aperture  on  one  side  of  the  truncated  top,  surrounded  by  a  collar-like  rim  surmounted  by  a  pair  of 
hydrauths.  Male  gouophores  slender,  oblong-ovate. 

DixtriliiitSoii.  —  Abundant  throughout  the  Woods  Hole  region,  growing  on  shells,  stones,  etc.,  in 
shallow  water. 

Halecium  articulosum  Clark.     Fig.  51. 
(Tr;m>.  Conn.  Aeml.  <>!'  Sri.  ,  vol.  in,  |>.  (;:>.) 


e.  —  Colony  sometimes  attaining  a  height  of  almost  2  feet;  stem  fascicled,  branches  very 
long  and  slender,  the  ultimate  branchlets  being  pinnately  arranged  like  those  of  the  family  1'lu  /»»- 
Im-iiln:  Hydrophone  sessile,  alternate,  borne  on  the  broadened  distal  ends  of  the  almost  triangular 
inteniodes.  Ilydranths  very  large,  with  about  20  tentacles. 


50.  Ifali  i-iii  in  liiilerinam  (Linn.). 
Gonangium  bearing  Hytlranths. 


51.  Halrr/ii/n  <(i-ti/-iilnxn)n.  ( 'lark. 
A.  Hydranth  (enlarged). 


inn  Hineks. 


<l»n<jsom.e. — Female  gonangia  obovate,  with  a  latero-terminal  aperture.  Male  gonangia  long, 
slender,  subeylindrical. 

Distribution. — Long  Island  Sound  (Ferrill).  The  gigantic  specimens  referred  to  were  secured  by 
the  Fi*li  ll<i  !<•!;,  station  7051,  lat.  N.  40°  46';  long.  W.  70°  43'.  Depth  31  fathoms.  The  largest  specimen, 
and  it  is  probably  the  largest  known  specimen  of  the  Hukmlsr,  is  now  in  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission 
collection  at  Woods  Hole. 

Halecium  tenellum  Hineks.     Fig.  52. 
(Ann.  and  Mug.  of  N'at.  Hist.,  3d.  series,  vol.  vm,  p.  252.) 

Trnphomme. — Colony  very  small,  not  over  half  an  inch  in  height;  stem  not  fascicled,  delicate, 
irregularly  geniculate;  branches  straggling,  irregular;  internodes  very  long  and  irregularly  annulated. 
Hydrophores  borne  on  very  long,  tubular  pedicels,  irregularly  arranged. 

Gonomme.—  Gonangia  borne  at  origin  of  pedicels,  very  large,  oblong-ovate  in  outline. 

Diiti-!lnit!i)ii.—\  find  this  species  mentioned  in  my  notes  as  occurring  at  Woods  Hole,  but  the 
specimen  seems  to  have  been  lost.  The  figure  is  from  an  English  specimen. 


358 


BULLETIN    OK    THE    UNITED    STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 


Halecium  beani  (Johnston).     Fig.  53. 
I  Tfniii  htaui  Johnston,  British  Zoophytes,  p.  rjo. ) 

Colony  2  to  5  inches  high,  branching  in  a  dendritic  manner,  more  delicate  than  //. 
ii;    stem   fascicled,    branches  slender,,  the  internodes  divided   by   slightly   oblique   nodes. 
Hydrophores  much  as;  in  If.  hnlecixum. 

Gonowme. — Female  gonaiigia  mitten-shaped,  with  the  aperture  lateral,  representing  the  cut-off 
thumb  of  the  mitten.     Male  gonangia  oblong-ovate. 

Dixti'iliiitiuii. — Found  growing  mi  bivalve  shells  at  Woods  IJule. 


A. 


r>3.  Jfalrcium  beani  (Johnston). 


54.  Halecium  gracUr  Verrill. 
A.  Hydrophores  (enlarged) . 


Halecium  gracile  Verrill.     Fig.  54. 
( Invertebrated  Animals  of  Vineyard  Sound,  p.  729.) 


. 
• 


Trophogome.— Colony  profusely  branched;  stem  fascicled;  branches  ascending,  slender,  picnately 
arranged,  with  slender  internodes  separated  by  oblique  nodes.     Hydrophores  much  as  in  II.  hakdnum. 

Oonosome. — Female  gonangia  much  as  in  II.  linlcriiiiiin,  but  with  the  end  emarginate.     Male 
gonangia  oblong-ovate. 

Dittribution. — Buzzard's  Bay;  Vineyard  Sound;  near  New  Haven,  on  floating  timber  (Verrill). 

Professor  Verrill  has  kindly  sent  me  a  type  specimen  from  which  the.  figures  were  drawn. 
Although  hard  to  differentiate  succinctly  from  H.  lialccinum,  it  has  a  very  distinct  faciea  and  mode  o 
growth. 


HYDROTIW    OK    TITE    V, 


"659 


SERTULARID.^E. 

T:-:i;i!i<:n>iii<'.  —  Ily.lrotlu'  "e  sessile,  more  or  less  ad:u\tt'  to  t:i"  stem,  tip.'!  :irr:mg."l  on  both  sides  of 
tne  -  i-.uiHies.      llvdranihs  with  conical  pr.ibosei-  anil  a  single  whorl  of  lilimvni  tentacles. 

Gonoxome,  —  Son  '•>':  planuKe.     Xo  medus;e. 


i-i<  ';/' 


,  -ill:,  found  in  tin1  \ViKnlt  /In!'' 


.\.  Hydrol'.i'.'c:]'  in  sirii'i!;.  <  :•  ,  ;i  Kitr  t<i  c.u-h  iiUrniin!'1  m  the  -  I'.MII  or  !>ran;-h. 

11.    Opcl'culmn.  v  ',  '  ,i  »  pieces  ...................................................................  »'/•/</  /arm. 

0,'.  '  M'ei'cnlnm,  when  prc^'tit,  in  one  piece  imly  ...............................................................  Diiiln'tin. 

A'.  Hydrothec  D,  subopposlto,  usually  ih-rjily  Immenied   more  iiiMi:  two  in  c.ii'li  jciint  ufstcni  en-  hnmch  ..........  Timim-in. 

A".  Hyilrnt!K;i';v  >'  riri!>*  ;iMrrn: 

a.    Hydrotheceffi  placed  on  oppo  tte  sides  of  Htexn  ^n1'  branches  .............................................  .svr/^  ' 

(f'.    Hyilriitilrr:i;  |il:'.l-r  !  oil  lilc  UMIlt  ill'  hrilllclK-^  lillil  rlir\-|Ml  ^llrniMU'l;'  iii  ;hr  ri\:!l!  mill  icfi  ............  ii't'ilnt'tiu'ii,  '<'. 

8EETULARIA. 

Ti-i>i>inKiinii:  —  (  'olony  usually  lininchcd;  stfinsand  lirandus  iliviilcd  into  reiriilar  intennxles,  each 
of  \vliich  bears  a  pair  of  -triclly  o|i|Hisite  liyilrothce.-i-.  Hydrothecffl  either  witliout  an  operculnni  or 
with  a  very  dclie-.it.-  one  eniniiosi'ii  of  two  pieces. 

<iiin(jxn,ii<'.  —  '  ionaniria  without  an  internal  marsupium. 

Key  in  tpeciet  of  Serttda/ria  found  in  ///<'  \\'n<ni.-<  ll»l<  ni/ii/u. 

A.    The  two  hydrothecffi  comporing  a  pair  ^I'iircrly  ti  niching  each  other  in  front  ..................................  N.  p  u  mil" 

\'.  The  two  hydrotheeii'  in  contact  inrat  leust  llalf  their  lenj;l!i. 

a.  The  width  of  a  pair  of  liy.Iroiliccic  at  ;hcir  IKI.M/S  considerably  less  than  di.-tancc  from  iKittoin  of 

liydrot'ieca-  !o  ill"  iiMil,>  ^clow  ................................................................  S.  cni'iiiclnn  , 

a'.  The  widtli  ol"  a  pair  of  iiy-lrot!ici-:i'  a!  their  bases  not  in  ltd]  less  than  distance  from  bolt  out  of  hydro- 

ther;c  to  the  node  below  ......................................................................  >'.  COmpiatt, 

Sertxilaria  pumila  Linn.     Fi,u'.  ">"i. 
(Syst.  Nat.,  p.  l::oii.  ) 

Trophosome.  —  C'olony  final  1,  branehed 
or  unbraneht'd;  stem  divided  into  regu- 
lar internoiles,  each  bearing  a  pair  of 
hydrotheca?.  Hydrotheeie  slotil,  rc<ru- 
larly  curved,  the  approximated  sides  of  a 
pair  not  in  contact;  aperture  bilabiate, 
often  showing  a  very  delicate  Operculnm 
composed  of  two  valves. 

<  niiiiiKoiiii'.  —  (  Jonangia  ovate,  witli  a 
short  pedicel  and  a  terminal  collar  con- 
taining the  aperture. 

Dixtrilititioii.  —  Rather  common  in  the 
Woods  Hole  region  in  shallow  water. 
Often  found  growing  over  seaweed. 


i  i/utuilu  Linn. 
A.  side  view  oi  branch  bearinggenangimn. 


Sertularia  cornicina  (McCr. ).     Fig.  5fi. 

(It:  inn, a  mi  diriiii-iiin  Mct'r.,  (iyuinophthalinata  of  Charleston  Hurlxir,  p.  20-1.) 

ii'.—  Colony  usually  of  a  single  upright  stem  not  over  half  an  inch  high.  Hydrothecse 
more  slender  than  in  ,s'.  piniiilii  and  the  pairs  are  in  contact  for  a  considerable  part  of  their  contiguous 
sides.  Colony  almost  invariably  overgrown  by  a  campanularian  (HebcUn  rrtlearattt)  which  the  original 
describer  took  to  be  a  part  of  the  sertularian,  the  campanularian  disposing  its  curved  tubular  hydro- 
thecse  symmetrically  in  pairs  above  the  pairs  of  hydrothecfe  of  the  sertularian. 
Gonosomc. — Unknown. 

l)i*li-iltiith>i.—Vmcy&n\  Round,  8  fathoms  on  Halecium  gracile,  and  on  Xontern  (Verrill).     My 
specimens  were  sent  by  Mr.  \Vahnsley  to  Professor  Osborn,  of  Hamline  University,  lalieled  "S.  pumila." 


gene 


i  A  satisfactory  classification  of  this  ijrmvp  is  still  to  be  devised.    The  one  adopted  here  will  do  fairly  well  for  the 
ra  and  species  in  the  territory  under  consideration,  but  would  be  unsatisfactory  it  applied  to  the  Sertularidsc  in  general. 


360 


BULLETIN    <1V    THV.    UNITED    STATIN    KfSII 


Ssrtularia  complex.a  Clarke.     Fig.  57. 
(Bull.  Mil".  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  V.  X.>.  in.  p.  lil'i.  i 

Ti-iiiihiixnnii'. — Colony  an  unhranclu'd  erect  stern  uHaijiin^  a  height  uf  about  three-fourth.1-'  inch' 
-  tubular,  abruptly  curved  outward  dist:dly,  aperture  bilabiate;  the  luo  hydrothecse  of  a 
pair  ailnate  for  more  tluin  tlieir  proximal  half.  Stem  hiternodes  below  Iiyilrci1hei-;e  slender,  showing 
immediately  below  the  h\  dml'ieca-  short  internal,  cliitindiis  |inu-esses  pointing  [downward  from  the 
hydrothi'cal  Hooiv.  llvdran'.lis  with  conical  |ir..li.wis  and  ab<n;i  -0  tentacles. 

Qonotome. — <  ;onani;ia  [irodiiei'd  iHiially  in  pairs  at  font  of  stem,  ovoid  in  form,  beautifully  and  reg- 
ularly annulaU'd,  ivsemblinj;  Chinese  lanterns,  collar  terminal,  \vith  circular  aperture  and  o]iercnlum. 

Dixli-iliiiliiin. — Found  by  Mr.  Walmsley  near  Woods  Hole,  and  afterwards  by  myself,  jfrowinj;  in 
;/rei'.t  quantities  over  seaweed  dredged  from  the  bottom  near  Nobska  1'oint. 


.")li.  *i  ,'l/iliiriit  rwith'hif  >r<-Cr..  upon  which  ll<l>:lln  fi>fi'<i,-<itii  lA.^.j 

is  Lrrmvint:  n-^  n  |>arusitf. 
A.  Lateral  view.     H.  Front  vi<'\\. 


."»7.  >v  rlt/l'ti-lii  cii)iii>lt'.,-(i  Clarke. 


This  interesting  sjiecies  was  originally  found  by  the  li/nke  off  the  coast  of  Yucatan,  then  reported 
from  Australia  by  Professor  Bale,  and  finally  proves  to  lie  common  near  Woods  Hole,  where  it  has 
doubtless  often  been  mistaken  for  >'.  /iinui/n, 

DIPHASIA. 

Trcphosome. — Colony  regularly  branching;  stems  and  branches  regularly  divided  into  internodes, 
facli  of  which  bears  a  pair  of  opposite  hydrothefje.  Ilydrothecal  margins  even  or  sinuous,  with  an 
internal  operculum  consisting:  of  a  single  piece. 

<  iiiimaiiini'. — Cionangia  cleft  above  into  leaf-like  segments,  and  containing  a  spherical,  internal 
marsupial  chamber. 

Ki  a  In  .<tii'i-i?s  uf  Di]>lnixiii  jniiiitl  in  Ilif  Wiintlx  Hull'  ivi/inii. 

Width  of  a  pair  of  hydrothecse  at  base  nearly  equal  to  their  length D.  fallax, 

Width  of  a  pair  of  hydrotheca"  at  haso  not  much  more  thnn  half  their  height D.  rosaccn. 


HYDKolUS    OF    THK    WOODS    HO  I/I-.    Kl.OIO'N. 


Diphasia  fallax  (Johnston).     Fig.  ">S. 
(SertulaHa/allaxlolspaton,  British  Zoophytes,  8th  edition,  p.  127.) 

Ti-oiiliiimiiiit'.—  CuKiiiy  branched,  the  terminal  brandies  often  abruptly  curved  so  as  to  form  a  hoo  k 
or  short  coil.  Hydrothec;e  stout,  with  a  wide,  sinuous  margin  dosed  liy  an  operculum  hinged  to  it  8 
inner  .side. 

Uimoxinnf.  —  Female  gonangia  with  four  leaf-like  cxi)ansions  above;  male  gonangia  with  four 
terminal  spines. 

h'lxlriliution.— Shallow  water,  often  grow- 
ing on  other  hydroids.  A  specimen  found  in 
the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  collection  at  Woods 
Hole  is  labeled  "K.  by  S.,  Sankety,  Nantucket, 
23  fathoms,  V.  N.  E."  Off  Watch  Hill,  17  to 
21  fathoms.  (Verrill. ) 

Diphasia  rosacea  (Linn.).     Fig.  59. 
(Kertuluria  rusncin  Linn.,  Syst.  Nut.,  130U. ) 

Tfojiliiixamt'. — Colony  branched;  branches 
more  slender  than  in  D.  ful/a.r,  and  more  widely 
separated.  Hydrothecu1  delicate,  transparent, 
slender,  tubular,  abruptly  bent  outward  near 
the  middle;  aperture  facing  nearly  upward, 
sinuous,  dosed  with  an  internal  operculum  con- 
sisting of  a  single  piece. 

ti'iiiiiiisome. — Female  gonangium  pyriform, 
longitudinally  ridged,  with  two  prominent 
pointed  processes  on  top,  and  a  round  internal 
marsnpium;  male  gonangium  "pyriform,  curved 
toward  the  base,  traversed*  by  longitudinal 
lamellated  ridges,  which  rise  above  into  spi- 
nous  processes  around  a  slender  tubular  orifice." 
(Hincks.) 

Distribution. — Fisher  Island  Sound,  9  to  11 
fathoms.  ( Verrill. ) 

SERTULAEELLA. 

Ti-iijthoxouif. — Colony  usually  branching;   stem  and  branches  divided  into  regular  internodes, 
each  bearing  one  or  two  hydrothecsc.     Hydrothecie  strictly  alternate,  borne  on  opposite  sides  of  th  e 
branch,  usually  with  toothed  margins  provided  with  an  operculum  consisting  of  more  than  one  piece. 

diniomme. — (ionangia  as  in  Sertularia,  but  usually  more  or  less  annulated. 

Kdj  to  ipeciesofSertufaretta  found  in  Hie  Woods  Hole  region. 

A.    Hydrothecal  margin  without  teeth  or  operculum 
A'.  Hyrtrothecal  margin  with  three  teeth 
A1.  Hydrothceal  margin  with  4  teeth. 

a.     Teeth  obscure.    Hydrothcea  fusiform,  deeply  annulated  orwrinkled  tnmsversply S.  rugosa. 

a'.   Hydrotheese  very  large,  sometimes  corrugated  above.    Branches  approximate » S.gayi. 

a".  Hydrothoccc  medium-sized,  smooth.    Branches  irregular  and  distent , S.  trirurpidata. 

Sertularella  abietina  (Linn.).     Fig.  60. 

Trophonome.— Colony  pinnately  branched;  branches  thick  and  coarse,  approximate,  divided  into 
internodes,  each  of  which  bears  one  or  two  hydrothecso;  nodes  oblique.  Hydrothecse  large,  alternate, 
bulging  below  and  narrowing  above  to  a  tubular  neck  with  a  round,  even  aperture  without  an 
operculum. 


59.  Dipliatia  rosacea 
(Linn.). 


'  *.v i 'lnl<ir in  nliirfiiia  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  p.  1307. 


3(>0  HTLLKTLN     ill'-    'I'll    :     I'NITKU    -T.VTICS     K1SH     COMMISSION. 

fiiiiiiixniin'.-  -i  ionangia  "suhscssile,  ovate,  smooth,  with  an  even,  shortly  tubnlous  mouth." 
(Hineks. ) 

I>ist,-il,nt'ii>it.—\  specinu-n  in  the  1  .  S.  Fish  Commission  collection  at  Woods  Hole  bears  the  label: 
"E.  by  S.,  Siinkeiy  light.  20  lath." 

This  species  has  always  hitherto  been  placed  in  the  genus  ,V^»/./,-M.  Its  strictly  alternate 
.  Kydrothecic,  however,  make  it  necessary  to  consider  it.  a  s,-i-lnl<ii-<'lln  in  accordance  with  the  definition 
given  above. 


M.  x,;-inl,u-tn<i  niiiitinn  (Linn.).  cl-  KcrtulnreUn  Iricuxijiilata  (Alder). 

Sertularella  tricuspidata  (Alder).     Fig.  61. 
i  Sertutarla  trirusiiidata  Alder,  Cat.  Zooph.  North  and  Durli.,  i>.  21.) 

niie.— Colony  slender,  branches  alternate,  divided  into  regular  internodes,  each  of  which 
bears  a  hydrotheca.  Hydrothewe  cylindrical,  slightly  curved,  distant,  with  a  3-toothed  margin  and 
3-parted  operculum. 

<iiinui«imi: — Gonangia  deeply  ringed,  ovate,  with  a  constricted  tubular  neck  and  circular  orifice. 
Di*ti-ili>rt!on.—\  specimen  in  the  Fish  Commission  collection  at  Woods  Hole  bears  the  label  "E. 
by  S.,  Sankety  light,  25  fath." 

Sertularella  rugosa  (Linn.).     Fig.  <>'2. 

(fit'iii'lui'i'i  rni/dfn  Linn..  Sy<(.  Nut..  )i.  1308.) 

Ti-iiiiliiiKonie. — Colony  minute,  vjnbranched,  or  sparingly  branched;  intemodes  short,  each  bearing 
a' hydrotheca.  Hydrothecic  fusiforiii,  very  deeply  and  conspicuously  marked  with  annular  corruga- 
tions; aperture  quadrangular,  rather  obscurely  toothed;  teeth,  4:  operculum  composed  of  4  pieces. 

Gonosome. — Gonangia  like  the  hydrothecse,  but  much  larger. 

Distribution.—  Noank,  on  piles  of  wharf.     Off  Watch  Hill,  17  to  21  fathoms.     (Verrill.) 

Sertularella  pclyzonias  (Linn.).     Fig.  63. 

(Sertularia polysonias  Linn.,  Sj-st.  Nat.,  p.  813.) ' 

Tropliosome.— Colony  branched  in  an  irregular  manner,  the  branches  alternate,  but  not  equally 
distant,  divided  into  regular  Intel-nodes,  each  of  which  bears  a  hydrotheca;  nodes  oblique.     Hydro- 
theca! swollen  below,  narrowing  above  to  a  margin,  with  4  shallow  teeth  and  an  operculum  of  4  pieces. 
floiiomiiie.—  Gonangia  ovate,  corrugated,  with  a  short  pedicel  and  quadrate  aperture. 
I >;.-,! rilmtirm.— "Off  New  London,  6  fath.;  Gardener  Bay,  6  to  8  fathoms;  Block  Island  Sound,  17 
to  24  fathoms."     (Verrill.) 


HYDROIDS    OF    THE    WOODS    HOLE    REGION. 


368 


Sertularella  gayi  (Lanix.)-     Fig.  64. 
i  Xri-tiilnriu  i/iii/i  Lamx.,  Kxpositicjn  Methodique,  p.  12.) 

Ti-n/iliiixoiiie. — Like  the  last,  lint  much  more  robust.  Branches  regularly  pinnate  and  approximate. 
Hydrothecse  much  larger,  often  corrugated  on  the  upper  side. 

tliiiKHSiiiitr. — Gonangia  with  a  2-toothed  aperture. 

Digtrihittlon.—A.  specimen  in  the  1T.  S.  Fish  Commission  collection  at  Woods  Hole  bears  the  label 
"E.  by  S.,  Sankety  Light,  Nantiicket,  i">  fath."  This  specimen  has  much  larger  and  coarser  hydro- 
thecw  than  specimens  from  Kngland,  and  may  represent  a  distinct  species. 


62.  Sfrtularella  rugosn  (Linn.).       63.  tyrtnltirclla  jioli/:onias  (Linn.). 
THUIAEIA. 


64.  Sertularrtkt  <jni/i  (Linn.). 


Trophwonif. — Colony  branched;  stem  and  branches  divided  into 
internodes  each  of  which  bears  more  than  two  opposite  or  subopposite 
hydrotheae  which  are  usually  deeply  immersed  in  the  stem.  Hydro- 
thecse tubular,  or  flask-shaped,  with  bilabiate  apertures. 

Gonosome. — Gonangia  much  like  those  of  Sertularia. 

Key  to  species  of  Thuiaria  found  in  the  Woods  Hole  region. 

A.  Stem  long  and  slender,  bearing  slender  branches  which  subdivide  dicholomously. 
Gonangia  bimucronate. 

a.    Hydrothecse  free  for  about  their  distal  one-third T.argentea. 

a'.  Hydrothecse  immersed  almost  to  the  orifice T.  cupressina, 

A".  Stem  a'nd  branches  rigid,  the  latter  stiff  and  subverticillately  arranged.    Gonangia 
without  mucronate  processes  on  end T.  thuja. 

Thuiaria  argentea  (Ellis  &  Solander).     Fig.  65. 
i&'ilularia  argentm  Zooph.,  p.  38.) 

Trophoeome, — Colony  breaking  up  basally  into  long,  slender  main 
branches  which  give  off  spirally  set,  closely  approximated  secondary 
branches  which  branch  dichotomously,  each  forming  a  graceful  flabellate 
structure;  internodes  rather  slender,  each  bearing  a  group  of  several 
hydrothecse.  Hydrotherae  subalternate,  tubular,  their  distal  ends  curv- 
ing gently  outward,  so  that  about  the  terminal  one-third  is  free;  aperture 
armed  with  two  opposite  teeth,  one  much  longer  than  the  other. 

Gonosome. — Gonangia  with  two  lateral  projections  and  a  central 
terminal  orifice. 

Distribution.— Vineyard  Sound,  Long  Island  Sound,  and  other  parts 
of  the  coast,  Very  common  in  depths  from  1  to  20  fathoms. 


65.  Thuinria  argentea  (Ell. 
A.  Gonangium. 


3G4 


Hl'LI.KTIN    OF    TI1K    TXITKD    STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 


Thuiaria  cupressina  (Linn.;.     Kig.  till. 

(St:ftii/"<>"  '•'!;/<•'  *>•///<(  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  p.  130H.) 

Trojilinxomi'. — Colony  consisting  nsiuilly  of  a  single  very  long  and  graceful  central  stem  which 
gives  off  alternate  branches  which  again  divide  diehotomously  into  long  alternate  branchea;  giving  the 
appearance  of  a  verticil  late  arrangement.  Inter-nodes  much  shorter  than  in  the  last  species,  each  bear- 
ing several  pairs  of  suboppositc  hydrotheca-.  Hydrothec;e  immersed  nearly  to  their  ends,  tubular, 
rather  straight,  with  a  not  very  pronounced  bilabiate  aperture. 

tiiniiiMiuii: — ( ionaiiiria  borne  ill  rows  on  upper  sides  of  pinnules,  shaped  like  those  of  T.  argi-iilen. 

Dixti-ihiitinii. —  Vineyard  Sound  (Verrill).  A  specimen  in  the  I'.  S.  Fish  Commission  cullection 
at  Woods  Hole  is  labeled,  "K.  by  S.  Sankety  Light,  L'5  fath." 


ThutarlaCHpre&tna(l,lim.).     A.  GonaiiKia.  fi7.  Thuiariu  thuja  (Linn.), 

Thuiaria  thuja  (Linn.).     Fig.  67. 

(Xrrtnltiriu  thuja  I.  inn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  p.  1308.) 

TrophoHonie.  —  Stem  rigid,  sharply  and  finally  geniculate,  without  branches  on  lower  portion; 
branches  forming  spirals,  each  diehotomously  branched  and  forming  a  flabellate  structure.  All  of  the 
branches  and  branchlets  are  stiff  and  harsh,  very  different  from  the  graceful  structures  of  the  preceding 
species;  internodes  very  thick,  each  bearing  several  pairs  of  closely  approximated  subopposite 
hydrotheca?,  the  top  of  one  often  reaching  to  bottom  of  one  immediately  above.  Hydrothecse  tubular 
somewhat  swollen  below,  apertures  with  two  rather  inconspicuous  opposite  teeth  of  about  the  same  sine. 

G/onOBome.  —  Gonangia  ovate,  without  lateral  spines,  and  with  a  short  collar  and  round  aperture. 

Distribution.  —  Off  Xantucket.     (Vinal  Edwards). 

IIYDKALLMANIA. 


imr. — Stem  branched,  the  branches  plume-like.  Hydro- 
thecse  in  groups  on  one  side  of  terminal  branches,  arranged  in  an  alter- 
nate manner,  curving  to  right  and  le:t. 

Gonosonie. — Gonangia  ovate,  with  a  terminal  aperture  surrounded 
by  a  slight  collar. 

Hydrallmania  faleata  (Linn.).     Fig.  68. 

(HiTtiiliii-iilJ'nlriilii  Linn..  Syst.  Nat.,  p.  1309.) 

Tropliosomi'. — Stem  slender,  without  hydrothecse;  branches  plume- 
like,  the  branchlets  divided  into  internodes,  each  of  which  bears  a  group 
of  several  hydrothecse  on  its  front  or  upper  side.  Hydrothecfc  fla.sk- 
shaped,  swollen  below,  narrow  above,  curved  distally  and  ending  in  a 
bidentate  aperture  with  an  operculum. 

Gonosonte. — (ionan»ia  as  described  above. 

Disti-iliiitivii. — C'omni'.in  in  rather  deep  water  throughout  the  Woo<ls 
Hole  region. 


„       „ 
68.  ITu'lraltmninn  falcata  (Linn.). 

A    plirtjon  of  brand),  side  view. 
B.  Gnnangium. 


-       .1      i  ii  i      (FOODS    BOM      REOIC 

PLUMULARID/E. 

ii UK'.-    I  lydrothi'Cif   senile,   usually  admit''  by  one  side,  arranged  on  the  upper  side-  oi 
the  hydrocladia  or  hydrotheca-beftring  brancblete.     Nematophores1  always  present. 

Gonogome.—4  ionaiigia  often  inclosed  in  protective  contrivances,  sucli  as  modified  branches  or  pod- 
shaped  receptacles  called  "  corluil;c."  No  medu-;". 

Ki'if  In  (ft'nri'ii  nj  f'/iiniiil'i  i-iil;t'  i'u/in'1  tu  lln'  }\'(niil>:  //ii/-'  region. 

A.    Kemftlophoreg tmmp!t-«baped,  nut  immovably  lixed  to  the  liydrothccic. 

u .     Hntnchini:  ilichoiomoiis,  the  hydmelatlia  springing  1'rom  tin.-  ui-prr  side  of  the  branches M<>/ii>*li>:i'ti<t*. 

a'.   Braiirhinx  strirllv  iiiiimiir,  the  hyih'oeladi:i,  or  some  of  thorn,  forked .Si'/<(':o?/-/i'/m. 

n".  Bniuchlnx  verticil  late  or  scattered.    Ou-nosarc  canalioulntC'd  in  muin  stem .Intniaulnrin. 

A'.  Xeinatophores  not  tniinpct^luM^'1!  iiniiKn'i'liiv-  iixo'1  to  hydrothoi-Li'  or  oilier  parts  of  polony.    Gonangia 

]iroi'T!-''l  I,    -j.nvi;il   n-ii;!lly  forke-l  hranc-hcs  bearing  neuiiitophoiv*  \\'iiluiiu  lu'ilrothofie (fadocaryxt, 

MONOSTJSCHAS. 

Tm//lniMiini: — Colony  dichotonionsly  tii'anchcd.     Ilydfoclailia  liornc  on  npiu-r  ^ides  of  liranch  es. 
G'onownu1.— Gonangia  ovoid,  borne  at  bases  of  liydrol!icc,-i •. 

Moiiostsechas  quadridens  (ilcCr. ).     I-'i;r.  MI. 

•i  il-tfin  i/iiiiili-ifli'n*  Mrl'rM'ly.  I'rfir.  Klliott  Sor..  Vol.  1.  N'o.  1.  p.  1!W.  I 

Ti-i'iilinxnnii-. — Coloii'V  erect,  composed  of  a  main  stem  with  branches  which 
themselves  branch  dichotoiiioi.vly,  hi-ariiis;  hydrocladia  at  their  points  of  junction 
and  also  on  their  upper  sides;  hydrocladia  composed  of  internodes,  every  alternate 
one  of  which  bears  an  hydrotheca.  1 1  ydrotlieca'  cup-shaped,  witli  even  margins, 
initiate  lor  about  half  their  length.  Xematophores  trumpet -shaped,  three  asso- 
ciated with  eai-h  I)  vdrotlieca.  and  usually  two  on  each  iuternode  of  hydroeladium 
that  does  not  bear  a  hydrotheca;  a  row  of  ncmatophoivs  is  also  found  on  the  upper 
side  of  each  branch  from  which  hydrodudia  s[irin<r. 

fioiioaiiiin'. — (ionanji-ia  ovoid  or  pyril'orin,  borne  on  short  pedicels  Justin-low  c.s.  )i,,iu,ftu;  -IMS, im,i- 
the  hydrothec;e.  '•''''"'-  <MrCr.). 

l>i.-!rilniliiin. — Dredged  by  the  .\lluili-mtx  near  Marthas  Vineyard.  1'epth,  22  fathoms.  The 
species  is  common  southward  to  the  West  Indies  in  moderate  depth. 

8CHIZOTRICHA. 

7Vn/i/i"w///»'. — Colony  consistiiiir  usually  of  a  cluster  of  simple,  upright  stems,  giving  forth 
hydrocladia  in  a  pinnate  manner.  Hydrocladia  in  mature  specimens  forked. 

iliiinixitiiii'. — (ioiuingia  ovoid,  tubular  or  cornucopia-shaped,  borne  on  the  main  stem,  brahehes, 
or  hydrocladia. 

A,'//  In  x/H-i'ii-x  i,f  Xrhi-.iilrii'litt  jimml  in  Ilif  }\'niiiln  /full'  re.yion. 

An  hyilrotln-i'ii  in  tlic  axil  of  wicli  liyilnicladiiiin S'.  It'iiflln. 

N'o  hv.l i'. ,! i n'l'; i    in  tin1  ;ixil>  of  tlu1  hydrocijuliii N.  iiritrilliinil 

Schizotricha  tenella  (  Verrill ).     .Fig.  70. 

i  Ilinuntiiriii  liinllit  Vvrrill.     Irnvrlrliratnl  Animals  of  Vini'Vanl  Soniul.  p.  731.) 

'l'i-iiiiliiix/iiiii: — Colony  iri'the  form  of  very  I'.elicate  white  ])lumes,  1  to!!  indies  high,  each  plume 
consisting  of  a  central  stem  giving  off  alternate  hydrocladia.  with  hydrotheca  at  l>ase  of  each; 
hydrocladia  often  forked  in  mature  specimens,  with  internodes  and  hydrothecie  much  as  in  the  last 
species,  but  with  an  additional  short  internode  often  intercalated.  Xematophores  as  in  the  last  species', 
except  that  there  is  hut  one  to  eadi  intermediate  internode. 


1  The  iH-niatophoK-y  an-  minute  trumpet  shaped  or  tubular  organs  composed  of  chitin  and  usually  associateil  \\  ith 
the  hydrothecffi,  two.  one  on  each  side.  iH'ini;  fiaind  near  where  the  margin  of  tile  hydrotheea  joins  the  stem  to  which  it 
is  adnate,  and  one  jn:-t  in  front  of  the  bottom  of  the  hydrotln  ca.  dther.-i.aie  found  on  tin-  branched,  stem,  mid  protective 
c-ontrivanees  which  iii'-lose  the  ,i;oiiiin^ia.  Tlie  nemntophores contain  liijflily  remarkable  strm'tnres  known  a-'  lafcOBtyJea 
that  are  e;io.-ili!,'  of  rnorinoiis  eNinei, ,n.  'i'liey  ar--  morphol.'tric:!!!-.'  "  pf  ;^on<"  of  the  colony. 


lU'LI.KTlX    UK    THK     I'MTKU    >T.\TK.S    KISH    COMMISSION. 

diHiiixniiii'. — (ronangia  curved,  cornucopia-shaped,  borne  on  slender  pedicels  at  the  liases  of  the 
hydrothecii'  and  having  one  or  two  nem.'itophores  on  the  basal  portion. 

Itixti'iliiitinn.  —  Found  abundantly  on  the  piles  of  the  wharves  at  Woods  Hole  and  Vineyard  Haven. 
Off  <i;iy  Head.  S  to  10  fathoms;  Vineyard  Sound,  8  fathoms.  (Verrill.) 


verrill).    A.  Partof  hvrtrooladmni  (enlarged). 


71.    Nr'/"'. »l:'ii'fi:l  in'">-ill:nt<  iSfll'M. 

A.   1'iirt  of  hyilriirhuM'mii  M-nhir.i;c(l  .. 


7:1.  AjUfnmtlaria  fmtennfna  iLinii.). 
A.  1'jirl  of  hydrocliuliinu  icnlargod). 


Schizotricha  gracillima  (Sarsl.     l''i^.  71.     l'/niiiii/ni-i<i  n-n-iUii  Clark. 
( lluiniilumi  iii-iii-ilUnui  Sill's.    Biilmg  til  Kiunlskuli  om  Dvivlivrt  pnii  vr</  HiivliiiiikiT.) 

Trojilioxiiiiii'.— Colony  cdiisistinj;  of  a  main  stem,  which  j;ives  off  plumose  branches  near  its  base* 
Branches  consisting  of  a  slender  sliaft,  giving  off  alternate  rather  distant  hydrocladia,  which  are  forked 
and  divided  into  rat  her  distinct  interuodes  which  are  Ions;  and  slender  and  separated  by  straight  nodes. 
Hydrotheni-  small,  cup-shaped,  almost  entirely  adnate  behind.  A  pair  of  trumpet-shaped  netnatophores 
are  inserted  just  above  the  aperture  of  the  hydrotheca,  another  single  one  below  its  base,  and  others 
scattered  rather  irregularly  along  the  hydrocladia  and  stem. 


HYDKOID3    OF    THK    WOODS    HOLE    KEOION. 


367 


i'. — Gonangia  subcylindrical,  somewhat  swollen  below,  not  cun'ed,  borne  usually  at  the 
origin  and  Workings  of  the  hydrocladia. 

fHntriliiitinn. — Eastport,  Me.  (Verrill).  It  is  altogether  probable  that  it  occurs  in  the  deeper 
water  in  the  Woods  Hole  region.  I  have  included  it  here  to  enable  collectors  to  identify  it  if  found. 

ANTENNULARIA. 

Tmjiltosome. — Hyrocladia  arranged  in  verticals  or  whorls  around  stem.  Stem  with  canaliculated 
ecenosare,  the  canals  being  just  under  peridenn  and  not  well  seen  except  with  transmitted  light. 

(jiiiio&ime. — Gonangia  borne  usually  in  the  axils  of  the  hydrodadia,  not  protected  by  gonangia  or 
other  special  contrivances. 


73.  AiiteiiniilnriaamcricunaHutting.    73  A.  Part  of  hydrocladium  (enlarged). 

-• 


74  A. 


73  A. 


1 
'rr      j 


74.  Aiilrnnnlaria  riiijnmi  Xmtiiijf.    71  A.  Part  of  hydroeladium  (enlarged;. 


Key  to  species  of  Anlenmtlaria  fuuml  in  the  Woods  Hole  region. 

A.  A  node  between  the  first  hydrotheca  on  each  hydrocladium  and  the  stem  from  which  it  springs A.  antennina. 

A'.  No  node  between  the  first  hydrotheca  and  stem. 

o.  At  least  two  nodes  between  adjacent  hydrothecte A.  americana. 

a'.  Hydrocladial  nodes  distant  and  usually  absent , A.rugota. 

' 

Antennularia  antennina  (Linn.)     Fig.  72. 

_ ___  (fierlularia  antennina  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  1310.) 

Troplwsome.— Colony  composed  of  a  cluster  of  upright  stems  with  whorls  of  hydrocladia  at 
regular  intervals;  hydrocladia  borne  on  stout  processes  from  the  stem,  the  first  internode  being  without 


Hri.LK'ilN    01'    THK    UNITED    STATES    USH    COMMISSION. 


hydrotheea,  the  next  with  one  on  its  proximal  half,  and  tho  rest  of  the  hydrocladium  being  made  up 
of  alternating  hydrotheeate  and  intermediate  internodes.  Hydrothecse  cup-shaped,  margin  entire. 
Nematophores  trumpet-shaped,  a  pair  near  the  top  of  each  hydrotheca,  one  below  its  base  in  front, 
two  on  eacli  intermediate  internode,  and  others  on  the  stem. 

('.'niiiixiiiiH'. — Gnnangia  borne  on  bases  of  hydrocladia,  ovoid,  deep,  with  subterminal  aperture. 
Dixii-ilniiiiiH. — Off  Gay  Head,  18J-  fathoms.     Newport  Harbor;  Woods  Hole;  off  Block  Island. 
I,  <M  Mi-go  Gray. ) 

Antennularia  americana  Nutting.     Fig.  73. 
Monograph  of  Amerind!  H\  ilroUl^,  i»art  1.  The  I'linmilarida-,  p.  ti9.) 

Ti-ii/iliniaiiiii'. — Colony  composed  of  slender,  erect  stems  bearing  hydrocladia  usually  in  whorls  of  4. 
Proximal  hydrothoca  on  each  hudrocladium  borne  on  a  long  process  from  the  stem,  there  being  no  node 
between  it  and  the  stem.  Otherwise  the  arrangement  of  the  internodes,  hydrothecte,  and  nemato- 
phores  are  as  in  the  preceding  species. 

(IIIIKIXOIIII: — Gonangia  oblong-ovate,  with  a  subterminal  lunate  aperture. 

l>ift,-il,i<t'uiii. — Off  .Marthas  Vineyard,  AHuilm**.  Waters  of  Rhode  Island  (specimen  from  Dr. 
H.  ('.  I'liimpus). 

This  species,  although  greatly  resembling  .1.  nntfimiufi,  differs  constantly  in  the  characters  given. 
In  some  cases,  where  a  hydrooladium  has  been  broken  off  and  regenerated,  there  will  lie  a  node  below 
the  proximal  hvdrothera.  Otherwise  the  character  is  constant. 

Antennularia  rugosa  Xntting.     Fig.  74. 

Mnnnj,'ni|.ii  of  AmiM-ii-nn  Ilydroids.  purl  1.  Tho  I'lunuilan.U-.  p.  70.) 

Ti-n/iliii.111,111'. — The  colony,  consisting  of  upright  stems  which  give  off  hydrocladia  in  whorls  of  6 
or  8,  tin  node  lietween  the  proximal  hydrotheca  on  each  hydrocladimn  and  the  stem.  Hydrocladia 
supported  by  a  remarkable  thickening  of  the  perisarc  on  the  lower  side  of  the  proximal  portion  of 
each.  Nodes  very  distant  and  irregular,  but  the  interiors  of  the  hydrocladia  have  numerous  annular 
thickenings  of  the  periderm  that  somewhat  resemble  nodes.  Hydrotheoio  deeper  than  in  the  other 
species.  A  pair  of  nematophores  inserted  on  a  level  with  top  of  the  hydrotheca,  and  others  scattered 
along  the  fronts  of  the  internodes  and  around  the  stem. 

liiiiiiixiiiiii-. — Not  known. 

l>ixti-iliiil!n)i. — Off  Marthas  Vineyard,  46  fathoms.     (AII/ati-Hsx.) 

CLADOCARPUS. 

nf. — Colony  branched.      Hydrocladia  not  forked. 
Nematophores  neither  movable  nor  trumpet-shaped. 

friiinmonii'. — Gonangia  borne  on  the  stem  and  protected  by 
special  branchlets  which  spring  from  near  the  bases  of  the  hydro- 
cladia, and  bear  nematophores  but  no  hydrothecne. 

Cladocarpus  flexilis  Verrill.     Fig.  75. 
(Report  Com.  Fish  and  Fisheries,  1883,  p.  617.) 

Trophosome. — Stem  not  fascicled,  long  and  slender;   hydro- 
cladia pinnately  arranged,  alternate,   not  forked,  divided   into 
internodes,  each  of  which  bears  a  hydrotheca,  and  has  its  cavity 
divided  by  internal   ridges.     Hydrothecse  deep,  subcylindrical, 
aperture  horizontal,  with  a  single  strong  anterior  tooth  and  a 
number  of  shallow   lateral   teeth   or  sinuations.     Nematophorea 
tubular,  a  pair  slightly  overtopping  the  hydrothecal  margin,  and 
a  single  one  below  each  hydrotheca,  its  end  not  rising  much 
above  the  level  of  the  bottom  of  the  latter. 
Gotiosome. — Gonangia  growing  on  front  of  stem,  protected  by  special  branches  borne  on  the  bases 
of  hydrocladia  and  branched  like  deers'  horns,  each  branch  bearing  a  row  of  nematophores. 
Dlxtrihution. — Found  in  moderately  deep  water  at  various  points  along  the  Atlantic  coast. 


75.  Clod0qarpu0jfcztfft  Verrill. 

A.  Gonangia  withjprutcctivc  branchlets. 


HYHK01U-    Of     THh.    WOODS    HOLK    REGION.  369 

HYUROII)  MEDUSA  FOUND  IN  THE  WOODS  HOLE  REGION. 

A  monographic  account  of  the  medusa?  is  in  course  of  preparation  by  an  eminent 
authority,  and  the  present  writer  therefore  does  not  desire  to  discuss  the  medusae  in 
a  systematic  way,  but  hopes  that  the  key  herewith  presented  will  be  of  service  in 
identifying  the  medusre  known  to  occur  in  the  region.  No  attempt  has  been  made 
to  describe  new  species  or  to  define  families,  genera,  or  other  groups.  The  classifi- 
cation conforms,  so  far  as  possible,  to  the  plan  of  the  preceding  part  of  this  work 
when  the  hydroid  form  is  known.  Otherwise  the  names  are  the  same  as  those  found 
in  Alexander  Agassiz's  work,  North  American  Acalepha?.  Almost  all  of  the  illustra- 
tions are  from  specimens  taken  at  Woods  Hole  and  Newport,  and  sketched  by  the 
author. 

Ki'ii  far  tin  i'li'ntitirittion  nf  tin'  Hi/ilfoiil  meilnmr  foil  ml  in  tin'  Woods  Hole  region. 

A.    Ovaries  attached  to  the  proboscis  walls  mid  never  fnmid  along  the  radial  canals.    Otocysts  never  present. 
a.     Radial  canals  I',  unbranchcd. 
b.        A  single  conspicuous  marginal  tentacle,    others,  if  present,  much  smaller.  * 

r.    Proboscis  not  more  than  one-half  length  of  bell  cavity Euphysa  rirffulata,  ^ 

c'.  Prol.M>seis  more  than  one-half  length  of  bell  cavity. 

(I.    A  single  greatly  enlarged  tentacle  from  which  secondary  medusae  arise Hybncodon  pmlifer. 

/I'.   One  large  and  3  much  smaller  tentacles.     Xo  secondary  mednsre Corymorpha  pendtda. 

b'.       Two  conspicuous  marginal  tentacles.    Others,  if  present,  much  smaller. 
c.    Bell  with  a  distinct  .-ij'ie.-il  projection. 

tt.    Apical  projection  a  lengthened  cone Stomatocha  apicata.   ^ 

il'.   Apical  projection  dome-shaped.    Tentacles  bearing  stalked  iienmtoeyst  batteries.. Kenimaria  cladnphora-  V 
c'.  Bell  evenly  rounded,  without  apicul  projection. 

(I.    Tentacles  bearing  stalked  batteries  of  nematoeysts Corynitis  Offassizii- 

d'.   Tentacles  IK  irmal Pcrigonimusjoneri. 

b".       Four  tentacles  of  approximately  equal  length. 

r'.  l'rol>oscis  and  tentacles  very  long  and  slender. 

il.    Bell  outline  subspherical Conine  m/rabiUs. 

rlf.   Bell  outline  subeonical , Dipurena  arnica.  V 

r'.  Proboscis  short,  not  reaching  bell  opening. 

(I.    Tentacles  tightly  coiled.    Bell  with  s  meridional  lines  of  liwso  cells Ertnplcumochracea^ 

d'.   Tentacles  rudimentary.     Xo  lines  of  lasso  cells Peiniaria  tiarctta. 

il".  Tentacles  functional.    Harlial  canals  very  broad ITydricMhys  mirui. 

ft"w.     Kight  tentacles  of  approximately  equal  length. 

r.    Tentacles  strong,  functional.     Proboscis  bearing  secondary  medusre Di/smorplmm  fitli/umns.  ** 

' '.  Tentacles  rudimentary.    Xo  secondary. medusa1 titylactis  hoopcri. 

b"ff'.    TwUacles  more  than  s.  of  approximately  equal  size  when  full  grown,  and  disposed  at  regular  intervals. 

c.    \  large  globular  or  snbconical  process  on  apex  of  bell Turns  rrticarta.  * 

r'.  Bell  evenly  rounded  above Turriiopsis  nutricnla.   < 

yrrtr    'i\.ntacles  in  groups  or  bunches. 
<•.     Kour  clusters  of  tentacles. 

'/.     Proboscis  small  and  slender. 

e.   A  pair  of  erect  elavate  tentacles  in  each  group J Xnnoitritbacliel.  Y 

/•'.  Tentacles  much  alike Bougainrillia  mrolinwtis, 

rl'.   I'roboscis  large  and  broad BougainviUia  superciliarte, 

i".  Kight  clusters  of  marginal  tentacles Liszia  ip-ata,  Y 

a'.   Radial  canals  I,  branched  at  their  distal  ends Willia  ornata.  v 

a".  Radial  canals  many,  bell  cup-shaped Orchinioina  tentaevlala. 

A'.  Ovaries  attached  to  the  radial  canals,  often  also  to  the  proboscis.    Otocysts  usually  present, 
o.    Radial  canals  4. 

b.    Marginal  tentacles  4.  sometimes  with  lateral  cirri. 

i .    Proboscis  KSts;  long,  reaching  far  beyond  the  velum.  .. 

'I    A  swelling  af  base  of  each  tentacle Eutima  mim,-!* 

d'.    No  swelling  at  bases  of  tentacles Eutima  limpiia.  y 

c'.  Proboscis  short.    Bell  deep. 
<l.      Tentacles  with  lateral  cirri. 

e.    Club-shaped  appendages  U'tween  bases  of  tentacles , Hebella  rtilearata  (juv.). 

r'.  Xo  club-shaped  appendages.  * 

/.    Two  ot<  K-ysts  bet  ween  bases  of  adjacent  tentacles Euclictlota  rCT(riCTi?«ri»<*-1-'* 

/'.  Three  otocysts  between  bases  «,f  adjacent  tentacles Eucheilota  duodectmalit.    "^ 

it'.    Tentacles  without  lateral  cirri Clytia  bicopkvra  (juv,), 

Clylia  noliformii  (juv.). 
'  .  B.  1899—  24 


;;:7li  I;I:J.I,KTIN    oi    TUI:    r.N'LTKi)    STATES    KI-II    o>\l  M  I---K.N. 

bf.  Marginal  tentacles.  It;  or  more. 

i:    Proboscis  very  long,  reaehinsjfar  below  velum  ................................................  Tium  ji;natam..V 

c'.  Proboscis  short, 

il.     Tentacles  with  lateral  cirri  at  bases  ....................................................  llebclla  e 

i.l'.    Tentacles  without  lateral  olrri. 

c.    Bell  disk-shaped.     Proboscis  without  limhnated  tentacles. 
/.    Otolithxou  buses  of  liMitacles. 

0'.  Tentacles  24  nt  liberation  of  medusa  ........................................  Ol,,li,i  ri 

(Ill'  If,,  lnil<li**nliil 

Obclia  fabcllntnl 
i/.  Tentacles  K;  at  liberation  oi  medusa  ....................................  fAiflittnelalmiisn. 

tlbttttt  fli»rfititi,uni. 

nli,  I  in  rnmniixfitnllit. 

i'1.  Bell  deeper,  its  surface  evenly  rounded. 
/.    (>t4>litbs  between  base's  of  tentacles. 

tj.     Otoliths  8  (or  more?).     Mouth  tentacles  not  thnbriated  ......................  Ctytia  bictiptwra.     , 

if.    Otoliths  8.     Mouth  tentacles  limbriatefl  .................................  7Y«r»jMM  dindemata.  ' 

!l".    Otoliths  numerous,  with  sense-bnjbs  at  their  bases  ........................  Kftfntheies  fulleala.  * 

(/".Otoliths   numerous.      Tentacles   with  sense-bulbs    and    thickened   '-knee- 

pads  "  .................................................................  (,'on  uatemus  rcrtenf.'r 

c".  "Bell  with  a  distinct  dome-like  apical  projection  ..........................................  Onuinn  siniitilarit.  ' 

a'.    Radial  canals  N. 

b.    Bell  very  deep,  shaped  like  a  bishop's  miter  ................................................  Ti-m-lniiii'inn  rfiyihtli*.  ^ 

bf.  Bell  subspherical.  somewhat  narrowed  above.     Mouth  with  fringed  tentacles  ...........  Mfllct  i-tuni  niiiijHinttla.  f^ 

a".  Radial  canals  more  than  s. 

b.    Mannbrium  very  short,  hardly^distinfjuishable  ..............................................  ]tli<;jmi<l<,(l,  *  I,  „•• 

b'.  Mnnubrlnm  well  develoj>e<l. 

c.    Mouth  without  fimbriiited  tentarles.     Bell  shallow  .............................................  Kjnorr  albitla.  * 

<•'.  >[outh  \vith  timbriated  tentacles  .........................  .  .........................  /i/i/<,</m7</Ai  ,/i;,,  nfnu,l>,;t. 


Ejiphysa  virgulata  A.  Ag. 

1  North  American  Acalepli^.  |i.  Is'.i.  i 

Bell  quadrangular,  thick,  longer  than  broad.  1'roboscis  short,  tubular,  without  mouth  tentacles. 
Tentacles  4,  of  which  one  is  much  longer  than  the  others,  with  a  triangular  base.  Radial  canals  4. 
Velum  with  a  sinuous  inner  edge. 

f'vlrirotion.  —  Tentacles  with  white  liases  and  a  pink  stripe  or  band.     Proboscis  light  yellow. 

I  have  not  seen  this  species,  and  the  above  description  is  condensed  from  that  of  Dr.  Agassi*. 

Hybocodon  prolifer  L.  Ag.     Fig.  7l>. 
(Tout.  Nat.  Hist.  T.S..  vol.  IV.  p.lil:'..  i 

Hell  ovate,  evenly  rounded,  nnsyiitmetrical  owing  to  great  development  of  the  single  tentacle, 
its  surface  marked  with  5  meridional  orange-colored  bands,  2  of  which  start  from  the  sides  of  the 
base  of  the  tentacle.     Proboscis  long,  contractile,  sometimes  reaching  nearly  to  the  velum;  no  mouth 
tentacles.     A  single  very  large  marginal  tentacle  armed  with  conspicuous  nematocyst    batteries  and' 
bearing  medusa1  of  a  second  generation  at  its  base. 

t'uliir.  —  Superficial  bands  and  base  of  tentacle  orange  red. 

Dtsti-Hintiiiii.  —  Taken  in  the  tow  at  Woods  Hole  (Vinal  Kdwards.  )  The  colored  bands  are  not 
easily  seen  in  these  specimens,  which  were  collected  in  April. 

This  species  can  at  once  be  recognized  by  its  single  greatly  developed  tentacle  with  secondary 
medusse  at  its  base. 

Oc?Kyinorplia  pendula  L.  Ag. 

(Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  I".  S..  p.  '.'TC..     The  medusa  is  dcsrrilicil  by  A.  Agnssiz  in  North  American  Acalcphie,  p.  192.) 

Bell  deep,  with  the  :tpex  somewhat  pointed,  slightly  nnsymmetrical  owing  to  the  excessive 
development  of  one  tentacle.  Prolxiscis  long,  often  reaching  l>elow  the  velum.  Tentacles  4,  one  being 
much  tM  largest,  but  not  bearing  secondary  medusa>  at  its  base. 

I'vloi:  —  Proboscis  light  yellow;  bases  of  tentacles  light  pink.      (A.  Agassiz.)        >.)'.,. 

Dlxti-iliiiHini.  —  I  find  no  record  of  this  medusa  having  been  found  in  the  Woods  link  .region. 
although  the  hydroid  form  from  which  il  grows  has  been  found  'here.  Alexander  Agassi/  rcpovt»ijit 
from  off  Cape  Cod. 


1IYDKUIUS    OF    THK     Wool**     Hnl.K     KKUION. 


371 


Stomatocha  apicata  (McCrady).     Fig.  77. 
(Xnplicnia  apicatn  McCr.    Proc.  Elliott  Soc.,  vol.  1,  No.  1,  p.  130.) 

j/a/<>. — Bell  broad  and  shallow,  with  a  long  conical  projection  at  its  summit.  Marginal  tentacles  2, 
very  long,  but  capable  of  retracting  into  short,  finger-like  bodies  as  in  the  figure;  rudiments  of  other 
tentacles  around  the  margin.  Proboscis  very  large  and  bulky,  composed  of  lobes  that  extend  to  the  4 
mouth  tentacles,  which  are  pointed  and  reach  below  the  velum.  Radial  canals  4. 

Colors. — Tentacles  rich  purple,  tipped  with  olive  green.  Spermaries  and  basal  part  of  proboscis 
clear  light  emerald  green.  These  colors  differ  greatly  from  those  given  by  McCrady.  They  are  taken 
by  myself  from  a  living  specimen. 

Dinamatella  cavosa  Fewkes. 

Female. — Bell  subglobular  with  a  cone-shaped  apical  projection,  the  cone  being  shorter  than  in 
'the  male,  and  divided  into  two  portions,  a  basal  dome-shaped  portion  being  surmounted  by  the 
short  subconical  apical  part.  Tentacles  2,  hollow,  very  long ;  besides  these 
there  are  6  rudimentary  tentacles  on  the  bell  margin  which  bear  pigment 
spots  at  their  bases.  Proboscis  very  broad  and  heavy,  reaching  about  to  the 
velum,  and  bearing  four  heavy  lips  which  are  not  fimbriated.  Ovaries  form- 
ing masses  around  the  proximal  part  of  the  proboscis.  Radial  canals  4,  band- 
like,  with  irregular  jagged  edges. 

Colors. — General  color  light  green.     Ovaries  yellowish  white.     Tentacles 
greenish.     Pigment  spots  orange,  with  a  bright  red  dot  in  the  center. 
». — Newport  Harbor,  August,  1890. 


Gemmaria  cladopliora  A.   Ag.     Fig. 

(North  AiiK-rii-iin  .U'iilr|>!i:r.  |>.  1*1. 1 
••:  •;  • 

ik'll  rather  deep,  the  apical  portion  being  elevated  into  a  shallow  rounded  dome  not  sharply,  but 
still  evidently  differentiated  from  the  re;=t  of  the  bell.  Tentacles  4,  two  of  which  are  much  the  longest 
and  V»ehr  ruriou:-  clusters' of  nen'iatocysts  borne  mi  i-liort  stalks  or  pedicels.  Proboscis  scarcely  reach- 


;.i  LLK11N 


THK    UNl'TKJJ    STATES    KISH   OOKMI88IOK. 


ing  the  bell  opening,  constricted  just  above  the  4  small  lips  or  mouth-amis,  and  bearing  the  ovaries  ou 
the  proximal  portion.  Radial  canals  broad. 

Colors.  —  The  large  tentacles  light  brown  with  a  slight  orange  tinge  at  bases.  There  are  bright 
yellow  pigment  spots  at  the  bases  of  the  two  rudimentary  tentacles. 

liiatrlftiillon.  —  Collected  at  Woods  Hole,  August,  1899. 


i'fnifi'jtli'n-1/  A.  \K- 


SO.  Oiri/iiitif  iigatfizii  (McCr.).    (After  Miirbauh.) 


Corynitis  agassizii  (McCrady).     Fig.  80. 
(Proe.  Elliott  Soc..  vol.  i,  No.  1,  p.  132.) 

Bell  deep,  orbicular,  without  apical  prominence.  Tentacles  2,  very  long,  bearing  stalked  bat- 
teries of  nematocysts.  There  are  also  two  rudimentary  tentacles.  Proboscis  short  and  simple,  with- 
out expanded  lips.  Radial  canals  4,  not  broad  and  bandlike,  and  with  curious  bulging  groups  of 
nematocysts  on  the  outside  of  the  bell  over  the  distal  portions  of  the  canals. 

Color*. — Not  given  either  in  the  original  description  or  that  of  Dr.  L.  Murbach,  who  first  estab- 
lished the  connection  between  Coi-jiiiitlx  ni/iiialii!  and  (leuniuiria  i/einniiixn  of  MeCrady,  the  latter  being 
the  medusa  of  the  former.  His  figures  are  here  copied  by  permission. 

fHxti'iliiiti/in. — Woods  Hole.      (I,.  Murbach.) 

Perigonimus  jonesii  Osborn  &  Ilargitt.      Fig.  SI. 
(American  Naturalist,  IN'li.  p. '27.) 

Bell  orbicular,  marginal  tentacles  2,  long  and  hollow,  alternately 
with  two  eye-spots,  which  may  indicate  two  rudimentary  tentacles. 
Proboscis  short,  not  reaching  much  more  than  halfway  to  the  broad  and 
strong  velum.  Radial  canals  4,  those  leading  to  the  large  tentacles 
broader  than  the  others. 

Cvlnrx. — Xot  given  by  the  describers.  The  medusa  buds,  while  still 
attached,  are  a  light  salmon  color  in  specimens  kindly  furnished  me  by 
Dr.  Hargitt. 

hixtrilmtidii. — Cold  Spring  Uarl>or,  Long  Island. 

Coryne  mirabilis  Ag.     Fig.  82. 

(Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  T.  S.,  vol.  IV.  j>.  185.) 

liell  orbicular.  Marginal  tentacles  4,  very  long,  each  with  a  swollen 
pigmented  body  at  its  base.  Prolmscis  very  long,  reaching  far  below  the 
l>ell  opening  when  fully  extended,  but  capable  of  Ix'ing  retracted  well 
within  the  bell,  suspended  from  the  bell  by  a  narrow,  contracted  por- 
tion. Mouth  a  simple  opening  without  mouth  tentacles.  The  attached 
medusa  is  longer,  the  tentacles  closely  coiled,  and  the  proboscis  retracted 
within  the  bell  and  often  having  its  walls  distended  with  sexual  products. 

Colors. — Specimens  in  formalin  have  the  proboscis  and  tentacle  bulbs  light  yellowish, 
black. 

Diitribulion. — Collected  at  Woods  Hole  by  Mr.  George  Gray . 


81.  Pvrigonimiu  jonetli  Osb. 
&  Harg.  (After  Osborn 
&  Hargitt.) 


Eye-spots 


HYDROIDS    OF    THK    WOODS    IIOLK    REGION. 


373 


Dipurena  coiiica  A.  Ag. 

(North  American  Aralepha?,  p.  181.) 

Bell  a  rounded  cone.  Marginal  tentacles  4,  rather  short,  each  with  a  rounded  knob  on  the  diatal 
end  and  a  pigmented  spot  and  eye-speck  at  the  base.  Proboscis  long,  when  fully  extended  reaching 
far  below  the  rather  broad  velum,  but  capable  of  great  retraction;  attenuated  proximally  and  swollen 
dietally;  mouth  plain,  without  mouth  tentacles.  Radial  canals  4,  slender.  Young  specimens  are 
almost  globular  in  form. 

Colors. — Distal  and  proximal  ends  of  tentacles  reddish.     Eye-specks  black. 

Distribution. — Naushon  (A.  Agassiz). 

I  have  not  seen  this  species;  the  above  description  is  condensed  from  that  of  Dr.  A. 

A. 


s:l.  Krlnfilfiirn  iicltramt  A.  Agr. 
A.  [.literal  view.  B.  Aljornl  view. 


82.  Cbrync  mfmbills  (Ag.) 


B. 


81.  Pri!»ai-«i««irtfaMcCr. 

A.  Mt'ilum  from  which  the  ova  has  been  expelled. 

B.  Medusa  expelling  an  ovum. 


Ectopleura  ochracea  A.  Ag.     Fig.  83. 
(In  L.  Agassiz  Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  U.  S.,  vol.  IV,  p.  343.) 

i  Bell  longer  than  broad,  subpyriform  in  shape,  the  upper  end  being  the  smaller;  surface  orna- 
mented by  eight  meridional  bands  of  nematocyste,  a  band  originating  on  each  side  of  each  tentacle 
base  and  passing  directly  over  the  surface  of  the  bell  to  its  apex.  Tentacles  4,  short,  usually  carried 
so  closely  coiled  as  to  appear  like  mere  knobs.  Proboscis  terete,  not  reaching  to  the  bell  opening,  and 
ending  in  a  simple  mouth.  Radial  canals  4. 

Colors. — Manubrium  bright  yellow  proximally  •aWd'distally,  the  middle  part  being  rose  pink. 
Tentacular  bulbs  ochraceous,  with  a  red  eye-spot  on  each. 

Distribution. — Abundant  at  Newport  in  August.  Woods  Hole.  Probably  common  throughoat 
the  region  discussed  in  this  work. 


374 


BULLETIN   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES   FISH   COMMISSION. 


Pennaria  tiarella  McCr.     Fig.  84. 
(Proc.  Elliott  So.,  vol.  I,  No.  1,  p.  153.) 

Bell  very  deep,  regularly  elliptical  in  outline.  Marginal  tentacles  4,  rudimentary.  Proboscis 
oblong  ovoid,  with  both  ends  constricted,  not  reaching  velum;  mouth  opening  not  apparent.  Radial 
.canals  4,  accompanied  with  lines  of  dark  pigment. 

Colors. — Manubrium  and  lines  over  radial  canals  deep  pink,  the  latter  being  darker  and  more 
brilliant. 

D'utrilmtion. — Common  in  shallow  water  throughout  the  Woods  Hole  region,  especially  in  the 
flatter  part  of  the  summer.  Growing  profusely  on  the  piles  of  the  wharf  at  Woods  Hole  and  on  the 

eelgrass  nearby. 

Hydrichthys  mirus  Fewkes. 
(Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  xin,  No.  7,  p.  22-1.) 

Bell  oval,  nearly  spherical,  its  surface  dotted  with  nematocysts.  Marginal  tentacles  2,  when  first 
liberated,  afterwards  4.  Radial  canals  4,  very  broad,  bandlike.  Proboscis  cylindrical,  not  reaching 
the  broad  velum.  The  tentacular  bulbs  are  without  eye-spots. 

Colors. — Proboscis  orange  and  yellow.     Tentacular  bulbs  reddish. 

Distribution. — The  type  specimens  were  liberated  from  a  colony  growing  on  a  fish,  Sertola  zonata, 
which  was  brought  into  Dr.  Alexander  Agassiz's  laboratory  at  Newport. 

I  have  not  seen  this  species,  and  the  above  description  is  condensed  from  that  of  the  original 
describe!-. 


N.Y  Dytmorphosa/ulffHratlt  A.  Ag.     \.  Lateral  view.    H.  Ventral  view. 

Dysmorphosa  fulgurans  A.  Ag.     Fig.  85. 

/     l  North  American  Aealepha-,  p.  163.) 


»;.  Stylaftls  kooperiUgetiooe 

(after  siyvrt'uos  ). 


Bell  ovoid,  its  surface  having  a  granulated  appearance.  Marginal  tentacle*  8,  rather  stout,  and 
held  somewhat  stiffly,  each  with  a  bulbous  expansion  with  a  distinct  eye-spot  at  its  base.  Proboscis 
short,  not  reaching  much  more  than  halfway  to  the  bell  opening,  and  ending  with  four  mouth 
tentacles  furnished  with  terminal  rounded  batteries  of  nematocysts.  Specimens  secured  in  August 
had  young  medusa?  growing  on  the  upper  part  of  the  proboscis,  and  these  themselves  often  show 
budding  medusa;  of  still  another  generation.  Radial  canals  4. 

Colors.  —  The  pigment  spots  at  the  bases  of  the  tentacles  are  bright  orange  red. 

Distribution.  —  During  the  summer,  throughout  the  Woods  Hole  region.  Agassiz  says  in  reference 
to  this  species  that  it  is  "sometimes  so  abundant  that  the  whole  sea,  when  disturbed,  is  brilliantly 
lighted  by  the  peculiar  bluish  phosphorescent  color  which  they  give  out." 

Stylactis  hooperii  Sigerfoos.     Fig.  86. 
(American  Naturalist,  vol.  xxxm,  No.  3&4,  p.  801.) 

Bell  ovoid.  Marginal  tentacles  8,  rudimentary.  Proboscis  very  large  and  broad,  not  reaching 
beyond  the  bell  opening,  greatly  distended  with  sexual  products  at  time  ,of  liberation,  without  mouth 
tentacles  or  mouth.  Eye-spots  absent,  Radial  canals  4. 


HYBROIDS   OF   THE    WOODS   HOLE   REGION. 


375 


Colors. — Not  given  by  the  original  describer.     The  color  of  the  medusae  while  still  attached  in 
specimens  preserved  in  formalin  is  light  salmon. 

Found  growing  on  a  live  gasteropod,  Ilyanassa.  Collected  near 
Woods  Hole  by  Mr.  Waldron.  Type  from  Cold  Spring  Harbor,  L.  I. 

Turris  vesicaria  A.  Ag.     Fig.  87. 
(North  American  Acalephse,  p.  164.) 

Bell  dome-shaped,  surmounted  by  a  subglobular  or  subconical 
body,  which  appears  to  be  hollow.  Tentacles  numerous  when  full 
•grown,  but  one  good-sized  specimen,  apparently  almost  mature,  has 
only  8.  Each  tentacle  is  dilated  at  the  base  into  a  tentacular  bulb 
that  bears  an  eye-spot.  Proboscis  short,  ending  in  four  frilled  mouth 
arms.  Ovaries,  forming  large  complicated  frills,  extending  down  on 
either  side  of  the  radial  canals  and  connecting  at  their  proximal  ends. 
Eadial  canals  4,  broad  and  with  transverse  strise  and  edges  which 
appear  jagged  or  frayed  out. 

Colors. — Ovaries  and  tentacular  bulbs  yellow. 

Distribution. — Woods  Hole,  Mass.  (Vinal  Edwards).  87.  Turris  resicaria  A.  Ag. 


A.  Lateral  view  of  young. 


K8  jT«m7oj**As  it  nh'ii'iilit  MK'r. 
B.  Lateral  view  of  older  specimen. 


C.  Ventral  view  of  yonng. 


Turritopsis  nutricula  McCrady.     Fig.  88. 

(Proc.  Elliott.  Soc.  vol.  I,  No.  1,  p.  127.) 

Bell  hemispherical  ovoid,  or  sub-conical.  Marginal  tentacles  varying  in  number  according  to  age, 
from  4  to  24  in  specimens  examined,  and  held  somewhat  stiffly,  each  with  a  tentacular  bulb  bearing  an 
eye-spot  at  its  base.  Proboscis  not  reaching  to  the  bell  opening,  and  ending  in  four  small  mouth 
tentacles  bearing  distal  clusters  of  nematocysts.  The  genital  products  are  contained  in  four  large  oval 
masses  around  the  proximal  part  of  the  proboscis  and  reaching  to  the  bases  of  the  mouth-anna. 
.Radial  canals  4.  Velum  broad. 

Colors. — Eye-spota  red.     Distal  part  of  ovaries  bright  lemon  yellow. 

Distribution. — Naushon.     (A.  Agassis.)     Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts. 


376 


BULLETIN    i'K   THK    I'MTKU    STATES    fis:i    cuM.M  I>SH>N. 


Nemopsis  bachei  Ag.     Fig.  89. 
(MOm.  Am.  Acatl.  *-i.,  IV,  p.  289.) 

Bell  deep,  ovoid,  sometimes  almost  globular;  thickness  of  bell  substance  greater  than  in  most  of 
preceding  species,  making  bell  cavity  proportionally  small.  Tentacles  in  4  bunches,  the  middle  pair  in 
each  bunch  being  distinctly  club-shaped 
at  ends.  Proboscis  short  and  small,  end- 
ing in  4  much-branched  mouth-tentacles, 
each  ramification  of  which  ends  in  an 
oval  group  of  nematocysts.  Mouth-ten- 
tacles highly  retractile  and  not  evident 
when  animal  is  disturbed.  The  bunchea 
of  marginal  tentacles  are  borne  on  con- 
spicuous swellings  or  pads  at  terminations 
of  the  four  radial  canals,  and  each  tentacle 
has  a  black  eye-spot  above  its  base. 

Qjlorx. — Tentacular  bulbs  and  ovaries 
yellow.  Ends  of  middle  tentacles  of  each 
bunch  dark  brown. 

Dixfi'ihtitiuii. — Nant'icket    and    Xau- 

shon   (A.    Agaasiz),    Newport,    Vineyard  w.  Nemap»htadielt.Ag. 

Sound,  Buzzards  Hay.  A.  A  aense-bulb  and  gronp  of  tentacles  (enlarged^. 

Bougainvillia  carolinensis  (McCr.).     Fig.  90. 
( fJij>j>oci'< .-HI  rni-olhn  /<,-••/*  McCr.    Proe.  Elliott  Soc.,  vol.  T,  No.  1,  p.  lill.) 

1'x'll  subirldliular,  thick.  Marginal  tentacles  in  four  bunches,  arising  from  marginal  swellings 
which  are  narrower  and  more  pointed  than  in  the  preceding  species.  Tentacles  all  alike,  with  slightly 
enlarged  ends,  and  eye-spots  over  their  bases.  Proboscis  slender,  with  four  branched  mouth-tentaclea 
ending  in  nematocysl  batteries.  Radial  canals,  4. 

I'nliii-K. — Tentacular  bulbs  red,  edged  with  yellow.     Proboscis  red. 

IHxli-'ihiilinii. — Common  in  the  \Voods  Hole  region. 


90.  BougatnvtlllacaroUne!Uls(lfcCr,).;  (juv.).     91.  Boayniiirillia  tupcrciliaris  Ag.  92.  ifc;/a  grata  A.  AS. 

Bougainvillia  superciliaris  Ag.     Fig.  91. 
(Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  u.  S.,  vol.  iv,  p.  289.) 

Bell  sub-globular,  very  thick.  Marginal  tentacles  in  four  pairs  at  birth,  later  in  four  bunches. 
Tentacular  bulbs  and  eye-spots  as  in  the  preceding  species.  Proboscis  thick  and  heavy  but  not 
reaching  much  more  than  half  way  to  the  bell  opening,  ending  in  four  branched  mouth-tentacles 
terminating  in  nematocyst  batteries.  Radial  canals,  4. 

Colors. — Marginal  sense — bodies  orange  red  surrounded  by  yellow.  Proboscis  pale  yellow,  tinged 
with  red  distally. 

Distribution.— yew-port,  Rhode  Island  (Leidv).     Woods  Hole. 


in  Hl«»ll»    nb     Till-.     WttoD.s    HULK 


«7T 


Lizzia  grata  A.  Ag.     Fig.  •'-• 

(I'nic.   Boston  Sor.  Xilt  Hist,  p.  100.) 

Bell  deep,  sub-conical  in  outline,  lower  portion  noticeably  wider  than  upper.  Marginal  tentacles 
in  8  clusters  borne  on  marginal  swellings,  but  without  distinct  eye-spot.-!  at  base  of  each  tentacle. 
Proboscis  rather  large,  capable  of  being  protruded  nearly  to  bell  opening,  and  ending  in  4  mouth- 
tentacles  which  are  branched,  but  not  so  extensively  as  in  preceding  species.  Radial  canals,  4. 

Colors.  —  Marginal  swellings  deep  orange  brown. 

Dintriliulton.  —  Newport,  Rhode  Island. 

Willia  ornata  MeCr. 

I  I  'roe.  Elliott  Soc.,  vol.  I,  No.  1,  p.  149.  ) 

Bell  sub-conical.  Tentacles  of  adult  10,  one  to  each  branch 
of  the  radial  canals.  1'robnscis  short,  ending  in  4  lobular 
unbranched  month- 
tentacles  armed  with 
nematocysts  which 
are  not  aggregated 
into  round  batteries. 
Ovaries  forming  4 
innssesaronnd  proxi- 
mal part  of  proboscis. 
Radial  canals  4,  each 
divided  distally  into 
4  branches.  lietween 
each  paimf  tentacles 
a  superficial  struc- 
ture like  a  "  knotted 
chord  "  passes  up- 
ward on  outside  of 
bell.  Sense-bulbs 
found  at  liases  of 
tentacles. 


rrffi(  iFftTftnMMrin 

11  [itiHi  flfl 

;f    i  ii       r     u  i 


I  \1 


B. 


liiiliii-nl,il'i  Mayer.     A.  Abornl  view.     H.  I.aiiT;:] 


t'lil'irx.  —  Not  described  by  McCrady  or  Agassi/. 

l)lttril,«'inn.  —  liuz/.ards  Hay,  Naushon.     (A.Ag.  ) 

I  have  not  seen  this  species,  and  the  above  description  is  condensed  from  that  of  McCrady.' 

Orchistoma  tentaculata  Mayer. 

l  linll.  Mils.  <'«mir.y.<  ml    V'-l.  xxxvll.  Xo.  1.  p.  3.) 

I'.ell  deep,  cu;.-.-haped,  its  stilistance  very  thick  in  upper  portion  much  reducing  depth  of  bell 
cavity.  Marginal  tentacles  .'il',  with  sense-bulbs  at  their  bases.  No  otocysts.  Proboscis  short,  with  4 
k>bulated  mouth-arms,  the  lobes  margined  witli  nematocyst  bearing  tentacles.  Radial  canals  10, 
alternating  with  Hi  short  tube-  given  off  from  near  top  of  bell  cavity.  Ovaries  borne  on  proboscis. 

Colors.  —  Prob  iscis  and  sense-bulbs  red. 

l>i.ili-!lnil!(iii.  —  Newport,  Rhode  Island. 

Sutima  limpida  V  Ag. 

(North  Anicni-.ill  AculeplKi'.  |i.  IKi.l 

Like  I-',  niii-n  with  the  following  exceptions:  P>a.«es  of  the  four  tentacles  not  swollen,  and  each 
provided  with  two  lateral  cirri.     The  ovaries,  tentacles,  and  prolxiscis  almost  co 
l>ixl,i!,i:ln)n.  —  liu/./ards  i'jy:   N'aushon.      (A.  Ag.  ) 


378 


BULLETIN   OF   THE    UNITED   STATES   FISH    COMMISSION. 


Eutima  mira  McC'r.     Fig.  93. 
(Proc.  Elliott  Soc.,  vol.  I,  No.  1,  p.  190.) 

Bell  broad,  sub-conical,  the  lateral  profile  sinuous,  upper  part  dome-shaped.     Tentacles  4,  with 
swollen  sense-bodies  at  bases,  but  without  lateral  cirri.    Otocysts  8,  two  between  each  two  radial  canals, 

conspicuous,  containing  highly  refractile  granules.  A  number  of 
rudimentary  tentacles  around  the  bell  margin.  Proboscis  very 
long,  extending  below  the  bell  two  or  three  times  the  depth  of 
the  latter,  and  ending  in  a  mouth  surrounded  by  a  disk-like  lobed 
frill.  Ovaries  disposed  along  the  radial  canals. 

Colors. — Swollen  tentacular  bases  a  bright  light  green.    Ova- 
ries whitish.     Proboscis  not  noticeably  colored. 

Distriliiitliin. — Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts.    August  10, 1899. 

Hebella  'calcarata  (A.  Ag.)=.I>ynamena  cornicina  McCr.    (in 

part).     Fig.  94. 
I  Liiiulirra  nilramta  Ag.,  Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  U.  S.,  p.  360.) 

Bell  of  "adult  rather  shallow,  bowl-shaped,  young  almost 
spherical,  with  the  outline  of  the  sides  rather  sinuous.  Marginal 
tentacles  rather  numerous,  hollow,  with  sense-bulbs  at  their 
bases, rand  a  spur-like  projection  extending  inward  from  the  base 
of  each.  Other  tentacles  have  no  sense-bulbs  and  are  much  more 
slender,  appearing  like  lateral  cirri  in  young  specimens;  still 
other  tentacles  are  short  and  clavate.  Proboscis  very  short,  ending  in  four  frilled  mouth-arms* 
Ovaries  in  form  of  convoluted  bands  along  the  four  radial  canals. 

Colors. — Ovaries  and  larger  tentacles  dark  yellowish.     Eye-spots  dark  violet.     (A.  Ag. ) 
Diati'lbiition. — Vineyard  Sound  (Verrill);  Newport  ami  Woods  Hole.     Xaushon.     (A.  Ag.-) 


93.  EutitHtt  r/u'rri  MeOr. 


94.  Hebella  caicarata  (Ag.). 


95.  EuHii-ilfitiiiiiiiiiln'rianlisA.Ag.    A.  tatiirul  viow.    B.  (mil  view. 


Eucheilota  ventricularis  McCr. 
(Proc.  Elliott  Soo.,  vol.  I,  No.  1,  p.  187.) 

Bell  hemispherical.  Tentacles  16  to  20,  with  sense-bulbs  at  bases,  highly  contractile.  Otocysts  8, 
with  refractile  granules  arranged  in  an  arc.  Proboscis  short,  tubular,  not  reaching  to  bell  opening. 
Eadial  canals  4,  wide.  Ovaries  occupying  whole  length  of  radial  tubes.  Velum  wide. 

Colors. — Proboscis  yellow,  with  a  red  central  portion.  Ovaries  yellow,  sense-bulbs  with  a  red 
center. 

XKitribulion. — Naushon;  Buzzards  Bay  (A.  Ag.). 


m  DBOID      Oi     i  HI     \\  OOD      HOLE    REGION. 


379 


The  above  description  is  condensed  from  that  of  McCrady.  Dr.  Agassiz  appears  to  doubt  whether 
his  species  is  the  same  as  that  of  McCrady,  and  describes  it  as  having  lateral  cirri  to  the  tentacles.  I 
have  not  seen  this  species. 

Eucheilota  duodecemalis  A.  Ag.     Fig.  !)5. 
(Cent.  Nat.  Hist.  U.  S.,  iv,  p.  35:i.) 

Bell  hemispherical  or  sub-globular.  Marginal  tentacles  -),  each  with  a  sense-bulb  and  two  lateral 
cirri  at  its  base.  Three  otoliths  between  each  two  tentacles,  making  twelve  in  all.  Proboscis  very 
short,  tubular,  with  inconspicuous  lips.  Ovaries  along  radial  canals,  very  conspicuous  when  mature. 
Radial  canals  4.  Velum  broad. 

Colors. — Spots  on  sense-bulbs  straw-yellow. 

Distribution. — Buzzards  Bay  (A.  Ag. );  Newport;  Woods  Hole. 

Clytia  noliformis  (McCr. ). 

(  f.'aii/pft/Kifaria  uttlifai'iitit  ^k•('r..  Proc.  Elliott  Soc.,  vol.  I,  No.  1,  p.  194.) 

Bell  hemispherical.  Marginal  tentacles  4  in  young,  and  more  numerous  in  adults.  Otocysts  8, 
two  between  each  two  radial  canals;  always  between  tentacle  bases,  and  not  on  them.  No  eye-spots. 
Proboscis  very  short,  ending  in  a  four-lobed  mouth.  Radial  canals  4. 

CiJ'ifis. — There  arc  no  conspicuous  colors.     Ovaries  yellowish-white. 

Di-li-ilintioii. — Buzzards  Bay  and  Xaushon  (A.  Agassiz,  under  name  of  Plfity/ii/j-ia  ri/lin<lrii-a) . 

Clytia  bicophora  Ag. 

(Cent.  Nut.  Hist.  U.  ,S.,  vol.  iv,  p.  3<H.) 

Bell  hemispherical,  considerably  flattened  in  older  specimens.  Tentacles  4  to  16,  according  to 
age.  Otoliths  8  or  16,  according  to  age,  placed  between  tentacular  bases.  Proboscis  short,  ending  in  a 
4-lobed  mouth.  Ovaries,  in  adult,  reaching  along  radial  canals  nearly  to  proboscis.  Radial  canals  4. 

> ../,,, •-•<.— Ovaries  brown.     Black  spots  on  swollen  bases  of  tentacles. 

Dinlrilmtion. — Naushon;  Vineyard  Sound  (A.  Ag.). 

I  have  not  seen  this  species,  and  the  above  description  is  condensed  from  that  given  by  Dr.  A. 
Agassiz,  North  American  Aralepha1,  p.  "8. 


9T».    Til/Ill  I'oi-ul 


97.   itbili'ii  riiniiitittin-itli*  McCr. 


Tima  formosa  Ag.     Fig.  96. 

(Com.  Nut.  Hist.  U.  fi.,  vol.  IV,  p.  362.) 

Bell  broadly  campanulate,  the  edges  perceptibly  flaring,  the  lateral  outline  sinuous.  Marginal 
tentacles  32,  some  of  which  are  often  rudimentary,  with  swollen  sense-bulbs  at  their  bases.  Otocysts 
numerous,  placed  between  the  bases  of  the  tentacles,  each  with  a  few  granules  near  its  margin. 
Proboscis  very  long,  in  the  shape  of  a  very  attenuate  cone  with  its  base  upward,  and  extending  far 
beyond  the  bell  opening  when  expanded.  Mouth  surrounded  by  four  conspicuous  frilled  lappets. 
Ovaries  strongly  convoluted  and  extending  the  full  length  of  radial  canals  and  proboscis.  Radial 
canals  4.  Size  very  large.  Among  the  largest  of  our  hydroid  medusa;. 

Colon. — Ovaries  and  sense-bulbs  whitish;  sometimes  light-yellowish. 

Digtrilvtion.—  Woods  Hole  (F.  M.  Walmsley);  Vineyard  Sound  (Verrill). 


380  I-.!'!.!,;: TIN    <>K  THK   TNITKI)  STATUS   nsii   COMMIS:"*] 

Obelia  commissuralis  MrCr.     Fig.  n". 

tl'roo.  ElliotI  Soc..  vol.  I.  No.  1.  p.  l'J7.) 

Bell  disk-shaped.  Marginal  tentacles  l(i  at  time  of  liberation,  long  and  slender.  Ovaries  not 
developed  at  time  of  liberation. 

D:*trilnit:-i.  .  <  o'.ouiea  abundant  in  Wood.-  Hole  region,  '.'rowing  on  piling  of  wharves  and  on 
siibm'-r-rd  timb.Ts  gi  aenilly. 

Obelia  freniculata  (I. inn.).      Figs.  ISdA,  !!S. 

I  S,':'!'',''!f:"    >,  ::ii'u!<tti.l  Linn..  Syst.  Nitt..  p.   HI'-'.  I 

Bell  disk-shaped,  or  shallow  bowl-shaped.  Marginal  tenta- 
cles LM  at  birth,  each  with  an  inward  projei  ting  .--pur.  Otoliths  8, 
two  bet  we, 'ii  each  two  radial  canals,  placed  over  the  liases  of  the 
tentacles  and  not  between  them.  Proboscis  short,  with  four 
inconspicuous  lobi'Jar  lips.  Radial  canals  4.  Ovaries  oval,  hang- 
ing beneath  the  middle  portion  of  the  radial  canals.  No  sense- 
bulbs.  Thi",  like  other  species  of  Ohel'm,  has  the  habit  of  swimming  vvith  the  bell  reversed,  so  that  it 
appears  somewhat  like  an  umbrella  turned  wrong  side  out. 

Co/or.--. ---The  only  color  is  in  the  light-yellowish  ovaries  ami  proboscis. 

Jlixli'Hiiitinii. — Abundant  throughout  Wood.-  Hole  region. 

Obelia  loiigissima  (  Pallas  i. 

>,    fnfnrin  /«/^//s.W;//(i  I 'a  lla^.  KlrMrlitis  Zoopliytoruni,  p.  1 1'.'.  ) 

It  isexceedinglv  ditiicult,  if  not  impossible,  to  differentiate  the  medusa'  of  the  various  species  of 
this  genus.  In  sonr.'  cases  the  only  way  to  identify  them  is  to  see  them  given  off  from  the  hydroid 
colonies.  I  know  of  no  means  of  distinguishing  this  species  from  the  preceding  except  that  the  ten- 
tacles may  be  20  instead  of  '24. 

IHsti'lbii'inii. — The  hvdroid  colonies  have  been  found  at  Woods  Hole  and  off  <iay  Mead. 

Obelia  flabellata  (Winers)1— Eueope polygenA  A.  Ag.?- 

0  Ann.  anil  M«K.  Nut.  Hist..  :ld  srrirs.  vol.  xvm.  p.  ±'7.     -'North  American  Acalrplui.  I 

lliffers  from  the  preceding  in  no  constant  feature  that  I  am  aware  of. 
Dixlr'ilnitiuii.— Woods  Hole;  off  Thimble  Island  (Verrill). 

Obelia  gelatinosa  (Pallas)l  =  //i/(;i»«fin  i/ii/miti'n  A.  Ag.'-'  (Verrill). 
(>  frrtuldi-ia  yrlittiiiHtn  1'illlns.  Elunchii"  Zoopliytorinn.  p.  llci.    ^Xortli  Anirric'all  Aralrph;r.  p.  94.) 

Bell  disk-shaped.  Tentacles  16  at  time  of  liberation,  each  with  an  inward-projecting  spur. 
Otocysts  8,  placed  over  bases  of  tentacles.  Proboscis  short,  with  mouth  surrounded  by  four  tabular 
lips  or  mouth-arms.  Radial  canals  4.  Ovaries  round,  hanging  beneath  middle  part  of  radial  canals. 

Otlor*. — Ovaries  and  proboscis  light-yellowish. 

Jtixtribiition. — Colonies  have  been  found  growing  at  Xew  Haven,  Conn.;  along  the  Rhode  Island 
coast,  and  in  Vineyard  Sound. 

Obelia  dichotoma  (Linn.). 

(Sniiilin-iu  ilicliiilniiiii  l.inn.,  Syst.  Nut.,  p.  131'i> 

Bell  very  shallow,  disk-shaped.     Marginal  tentacles  16  at  time  of 
liberation.     Not  distinguishable  from  the  preceding. 

Distribution.— Colonies  dredged  off  Gay  Head,  1  fathom  (Verrill). 

Oceania  singularis  Mayer. 

(Bull. Mus.  Comp. Zool.,  vol. xxxvin,  No.  1,  p. 7. ) 
99.  Oceania  singulars  Mayer. 

Bell  rather  shallow,  flaring  decidedly  at  margin,  and  with  a  well 

marked  dome-shaped  apical  projection.  Marginal  tentacles  16,  each  bearing  a  sense-bulb  at  ita  base. 
There  are  rudimentary  tentacles  between  bases  of  larger  ones.  Proboscis  not  extending  beyond 
velum,  and  ending  in  four  broad  lobes  or  mouth-arms  that  are  not  fimbriated.  Eadial  canals  4,  bear- 
ing the  ovaries  on  their  upper  portion.  There  is  an  otocyst  between  each  pair  of  tentacles,  including 
the  rudimentary  ones. 


HYDROIDS   OF   THE    WOODS   HOLE    REGION. 


381 


Colors. — "The  entoderm  of  the  proximal  part  of  each  tentacle  bulb  is  turquoise-green,  and  the 
distal  part  is  brownish-red.  The  entoderm  of  the  proboscis  and  of  the  radial  tubes  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  gonads  is  of  a  delicate  turquoise  tinge."  (Mayer.) 

Distribution. — Newport,  R.  I.     Dr.  Mayer  kindly  allowed  me  to  sketch  the  type. 

Tiaropsis  diademata  Ag.     Fig.  100. 
(Memoirs  Ainer.  Acad.,  vol.  iv,  p.  289. ) 

Bell  hemispherical  in  adult,  ovoid  in  young.  Marginal  tentacles  numerous,  with  swollen  sense- 
bulbs  at  the  bases  of  the  larger  ones.  Otocysts  8,  situated  between  the  bases  of  the  tentacles  and  each 
containing  a  central  dark  dot  with  an  arched  row  of  refractile  granules.  Proboscis  short,  not  reaching 
much  more  thanjhalf  way  to  the  velum,  and  ending  in  four  conspicuous,  extensively  frilled  or  fimbriated 
oral  arms.  Radial  canals  4.  Ovaries  long,  extending  nearly  to  the  circular  canal. 

Colors. — Specimens  in  formalin  have  the  ovaries,  oral  arms,  and  tentacle  bases  light  green. 

Dixtriliutifm. — Woods  Hole,  Mass.     (Collected  by  Mr.  Vinal  Edwards.) 


A. 


A.  Otooyst  (enlarged). 


101.  Epenthcsit  fvlleata  SIcCr. 
A.  Details  of  margin,    o.  Otocyst.    s.  Sense  bulb. 


Epenthesis  folleata  McCr.     Fig.  101. 
(I'roc.  Elliott  Soc.,  vol.  I,  No.  1,  p.  191.) 

Bell  hemispherical,  with  thin  walls.  Marginal  tentacles  numerous,  with  sense-bulbs  at  bases. 
Otocysts  alternating  with  tentacle  bases.  Proboscis  short,  ending  in  4  lobular  mouth-arms.  Ovariea 
4,  round,  hanging  from  under  radial  canals  nearer  to  margin  than  to  proboscis.  Radial  canals  4. 

Color*. — Proboscis  light  green.     Tentacular  bulbs  red. 

Dintrlliiitiini. — Newport,  Rhode  Island. 

Trachynema  digitale  A.  Ag.     Fig.  102. 
(Xorth  American  Acalephse,  p.  57.) 

Bell  very  deep,  with  an  outline  something  like  that  of  a  bishop's  miter,  somewhat  pointed  above; 
Marginal  tentacles  numerous,  but  most  of  them  are  usually  lacking  in  preserved  specimens.  Otocysta 
4,  according  to  Agassiz,  but  they  seem  to  be  lacking  in  the  specimens  (males)  that  I  have  examined. 
Proboscis  long,  reaching  nearly  to  the  velum,  ending  in  a  constricted  portion  bearing  the  mouth 
surrounded  by  four  lobular  or  finger-like  mouth-arms.  Radial  canals  8.  OvarieslS,  long  "sausage- 
like"  organs,  reaching  sometimes  halfway  from  the  upper  part  of  the  bell  cavity  to  the  velum.  Velum 
wide,  strong,  extensively  wrinkled. 

Colors. — Bell  slightly  pinkish.  Contracted  tentacles  crimson  at  their  extremity.  Ovaries  milky. 
Otocysts  garnet-colored.  (A.  Agassiz. ) 

Distribution,.— Newport,  Rhode  Island.     Woods  Hole.     (Vinal  Edwards. ) 


382 


BULLETIN    OK    THK    UNITED    STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 
Gonionemus  vertens  A.  Ag.     Fig.  103. 

(Com.  Nut.  Hist.  C.S.,  iv.  p.  350.) 


Bell  hemispherical.  Marginal  tentacles  numerous,  each  with  a  sense-bulb  at  its  base,  and  a 
"knee-pad"  of  adhesive  cells  near  its  end  which  appear  as  thickenings  of  the  tentacles  at  a  short 
distance  from  their  ends.  Otocysts  numerous  between  the  bases  of  the  tentacle.".  Proboscis  short, 
not  reaching  more  than  halfway  to  the  velum,  and  ending  in  four  frilled  mouth-arms.  Radial  canals,  4. 
Ovaries  4,  forming  convoluted  bands  fallowing  the  radial  canals  to  the  bell  margin. 

Color*. — Tentacle  bases  emerald  green  and  brown,  with  a  black  eye-spot.  Proboscis  and  ovaries 
yellowish  brown. 

Dixt.riliiitioH.—The  Eel  Pond,  at  Woods  Hole. 


Melicertum  campanula  Kscli. 

(Syst.  dt-r  Ami.,  p.  105.) 


Fig.  104. 


Bell  deep,  the  upper  portion  somewhat  narrowed.  Marginal  tentacles  numerous,  hollow,  with- 
out eye-spots  at  their  liases.  Nootocysts.  Proboscis  short,  ending  in  eight  frilled  mouth-arms.  Radial 
canals  8.  Ovaries  8,  convoluted,  extending  beneath  the  radial  canals  to  the  margin. 

('tilrirx. — Ovaries,  proboscis,  and  tentacle  bases  light  yellow. 

Dinli-iliiilinii. — Woods  Hole.     (Vinal  Edwards.) 


102.    TV"-'// '/"""" 
,  Kubr.). 


.ffiquorea  albida  A.  Ag. 
(North  American  Aealephse,  p.  110.) 


Bell  rather  shallow,  in  the  shape  of  a  low  dome  with  lateral  outlines  slightly  sinuous.  Marginal 
tentacles  very  numerous,  with  otocysts  between  their  bases  and  without  evident  sense-bulbs.  Pro- 
boscis small,  butjevident,  without  mouth-arms.  Radial  canals  very  numerous. 

Colors. — Radial  canals  appearing  as  whitish  lines. 

Distribution.— Buzzards  Bay;  Naushon.     (A.  Agassiz. ) 

I  have  not  seen  this  species,  and  the  above  description  is  taken  from  that  of  the  original  describer. 

Zygodactyla  grcenlandica  Ag. 
(Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  U.S.,  vol.  IV,  p.  360.) 

Bell  shallow,  a  low  dome,  hardly  emarginate  along  the  lateral  outlines.  Marginal  tentacles 
exceedingly  numerous,  swollen  at  their  bases.  Otoeysta  numerous;  situated  between  the  tentacle 
bases.  Proboscis  large,  thin-walled,  reaching  beyond  the  bell  opening  when  not  retracted,  and  sur- 

1  Since  the  above  was  written  numerous  specimens  of  this  species  have  been  secured  at  Woods  Hole  by  Mr.  Hal.  Childs. 


MYDUOIDS    01-     THK    WOODS     HoI.K 

rounded   by  extensively   i' rilled   or  liiulirmU'd   month-arms.      Hadial   canals  and   ovaries  exceedingly 
numerous,  the  latter  extending  almost  to  the  margin.     Size  very  large. 

Colon. — Not  given  by  the  original  deseriber. 

I  have  not  M'i'i!  I  hi-1  "fiecics.  and  condense  the  description  from  that  of   Or.  A.  AgMBUE. 


Bhegmatodes  tenuis  A.  Ag.     Fig.  105. 
(North  Amerii'iin  Ai'ak'jilia',  p.9.">.) 

Bell  very  shallow,  disk-shaped,  with  a  central  elevated  portion. 
Tentacles  very  numerous,  slender.  Otocysts  numerous,  situated  between 
the  tentacle  bases.  There  is  practically  no  proboscis,  but  an  irregular 
aperture  under  the  center  of  the  bell  surrounded  by  an  irregularly 
striated  membrane  which  forms  the  floor  of  the  digestive  cavity. 
Kadial  canals  numerous,  there  being  about  32  in  specimen  examined. 
Ovaries  linear,  numerous,  reaching  along  the  radial  canals  from  the 
digestive  cavity  nearly  to  the  margin  of  the  bell. 


?L1\'.    W<*V1LV     liC^l  1J      l*J    IMf^    »i*M.ig»t*    vji.     i.'»«^    -j 

CoZors.-There  is  very  little  coloration  about  this  species.     The     105  A.  Oral  view  of  center  of  d 


ovaries  are  pale  yellowish  or  brownish. 

Distribution.—  Naushon  (A.  Agassiz).   .Woods  Hole. 


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